महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-19, verse-60

हयौघाश्च रथौघाश्च नरौघाश्च निपातिताः ।
संवृत्ताः पुनरावृत्ता बहुधा रथनेमिभिः ॥६०॥

60. hayaughāśca rathaughāśca naraughāśca nipātitāḥ ,
saṁvṛttāḥ punarāvṛttā bahudhā rathanemibhiḥ.

60. hayaughāḥ ca rathaughāḥ ca naraughāḥ ca nipātitāḥ
saṃvṛttāḥ punarāvṛttāḥ bahudhā rathanemibhiḥ

60. hayaughāḥ ca rathaughāḥ ca naraughāḥ ca nipātitāḥ
saṃvṛttāḥ rathanemibhiḥ bahudhā punarāvṛttāḥ

60. Masses of horses, chariots, and men, having been struck down, were repeatedly churned by chariot wheels in many ways.

Words meanings summery:

• हयौघाः (hayaughāḥ) - masses of horses (throngs of horses, multitudes of horses)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• रथौघाः (rathaughāḥ) - masses of chariots (throngs of chariots, multitudes of chariots)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नरौघाः (naraughāḥ) - masses of men (throngs of men, multitudes of men)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - having been struck down (caused to fall, struck down, felled, killed)

• संवृत्ताः (saṁvṛttāḥ) - were turned (become, turned into, happened)

• पुनरावृत्ताः (punarāvṛttāḥ) - repeatedly churned (turned again, revolved, churned)

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways (in many ways, in various ways, manifoldly)

• रथनेमिभिः (rathanemibhiḥ) - by chariot wheels

Words meanings and morphology

हयौघाः (hayaughāḥ) - masses of horses (throngs of horses, multitudes of horses)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hayaugha

hayaugha - throng of horses

Compound type : tatpurusha (haya+ogha)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hi (class 5)
• ogha – flood, current, mass, multitude, throng
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

रथौघाः (rathaughāḥ) - masses of chariots (throngs of chariots, multitudes of chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathaugha

rathaugha - throng of chariots

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+ogha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh
• ogha – flood, current, mass, multitude, throng
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

नरौघाः (naraughāḥ) - masses of men (throngs of men, multitudes of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naraugha

naraugha - throng of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+ogha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• ogha – flood, current, mass, multitude, throng
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - having been struck down (caused to fall, struck down, felled, killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nipātita

nipātita - thrown down, felled, killed, caused to fall

Causative Past Passive Participle

From 'ni' (down) + 'pat' (to fall) + causative 'i' + 'ta' (PPP suffix).

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the preceding nouns (hayaughāḥ, rathaughāḥ, naraughāḥ).

संवृत्ताः (saṁvṛttāḥ) - were turned (become, turned into, happened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃvṛtta

saṁvṛtta - become, happened, occurred, changed into

Past Passive Participle

From 'sam' (together, completely) + 'vṛt' (to be, to turn) + 'ta' (PPP suffix).

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the preceding nouns.

पुनरावृत्ताः (punarāvṛttāḥ) - repeatedly churned (turned again, revolved, churned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of punarāvṛtta

punarāvṛtta - turned back, revolved, repeated

Past Passive Participle

From 'punar' (again) + 'ā' (towards, back) + 'vṛt' (to turn) + 'ta' (PPP suffix). 'punar' acts as an adverb modifying the participle 'āvṛtta'.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the preceding nouns.

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways (in many ways, in various ways, manifoldly)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -dhā (indicating manner) from 'bahu' (many).

Note: Modifies `punarāvṛttāḥ`.

रथनेमिभिः (rathanemibhiḥ) - by chariot wheels

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rathanemi

rathanemi - chariot wheel, felloe of a wheel

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+nemi)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh
• nemi – felloe, rim of a wheel, circumference
  noun (feminine)
  From root `nam` (to bend, curve).
  Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Indicates the agent of the churning.