महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-19, verse-18

माल्यदामवता राजा श्वेतच्छत्रेण धार्यता ।
कृत्तिकायोगयुक्तेन पौर्णमास्यामिवेन्दुना ॥१८॥

18. mālyadāmavatā rājā śvetacchatreṇa dhāryatā ,
kṛttikāyogayuktena paurṇamāsyāmivendunā.

18. mālyadāmavatā rājā śvetacchatreṇa dhāryatā
kṛttikāyogayuktena paurṇamāsyām iva indunā

18. mālyadāmavatā śvetacchatreṇa rājā dhāryatā
kṛttikāyogayuktena paurṇamāsyām indunā iva

18. The king, adorned with a garland and a white umbrella, was made glorious, like the moon (indu), which on a full moon day (paurṇamāsī) is conjoined with the Kṛttikā constellation.

Words meanings summery:

• माल्यदामवता (mālyadāmavatā) - by the king bearing a garland (by the one possessing a garland of flowers)

• राजा (rājā) - King Bhagadatta (from previous verse) (the king)

• श्वेतच्छत्रेण (śvetacchatreṇa) - by a white umbrella

• धार्यता (dhāryatā) - was made glorious, appeared distinguished (is to be borne, let him be supported, may he be distinguished)

• कृत्तिकायोगयुक्तेन (kṛttikāyogayuktena) - by the moon (indu) that is conjoined with Kṛttikā (by the one conjoined with the Kṛttikā constellation)

• पौर्णमास्याम् (paurṇamāsyām) - on the full moon day

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• इन्दुना (indunā) - by the moon

Words meanings and morphology

माल्यदामवता (mālyadāmavatā) - by the king bearing a garland (by the one possessing a garland of flowers)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mālyadāmavat

mālyadāmavat - adorned with garlands, possessing a garland

Formed with the matup suffix, indicating possession. 'Mālyadāma' is a compound meaning 'garland of flowers'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mālya+dāma+vat)

• mālya – garland, wreath of flowers
  noun (neuter)
• dāma – garland, rope, string
  noun (neuter)
• vat – having, possessing (suffix)
  suffix
  matup suffix

Note: Modifies the implied king.

राजा (rājā) - King Bhagadatta (from previous verse) (the king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb dhāryatā.

श्वेतच्छत्रेण (śvetacchatreṇa) - by a white umbrella

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śvetacchatra

śvetacchatra - white umbrella (a symbol of royalty and sovereignty)

A karmadhāraya compound: śveta (white) + chatra (umbrella)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śveta+chatra)

• śveta – white, bright, pure
  adjective
  From root śvit (to be white)
  Root: śvit (class 1)
• chatra – umbrella, parasol (a royal emblem)
  noun (neuter)
  From root chad (to cover)
  Root: chad (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which the king is distinguished.

धार्यता (dhāryatā) - was made glorious, appeared distinguished (is to be borne, let him be supported, may he be distinguished)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, potential/injunctive (liṅ) of dhṛ

injunctive/optative passive

3rd person singular, passive voice. Often used in poetry as a descriptive past passive, indicating 'was seen as' or 'appeared'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

कृत्तिकायोगयुक्तेन (kṛttikāyogayuktena) - by the moon (indu) that is conjoined with Kṛttikā (by the one conjoined with the Kṛttikā constellation)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛttikāyogayukta

kṛttikāyogayukta - conjoined with the Kṛttikā constellation (Pleiades)

A tatpuruṣa compound ending with the Past Passive Participle 'yukta'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛttikā+yoga+yukta)

• kṛttikā – the Pleiades, a lunar mansion (nakṣatra)
  proper noun (feminine)
• yoga – conjunction, union, connection (yoga)
  noun (masculine)
  From root yuj (to join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• yukta – joined, united, connected, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj (to join, unite)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

पौर्णमास्याम् (paurṇamāsyām) - on the full moon day

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of paurṇamāsī

paurṇamāsī - full moon day/night, the full moon

Derived from pūrṇamāsa (full month)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the simile.

इन्दुना (indunā) - by the moon

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of indu

indu - moon, drop, soma

Root: und (class 7)

Note: The moon in the comparison.