महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-19, verse-45

प्रतीपं ह्रियमाणाश्च वारणा वरवारणैः ।
उन्मथ्य पुनराजह्रुः प्रेरिताः परमाङ्कुशैः ॥४५॥

45. pratīpaṁ hriyamāṇāśca vāraṇā varavāraṇaiḥ ,
unmathya punarājahruḥ preritāḥ paramāṅkuśaiḥ.

45. pratīpam hriyamāṇāḥ ca vāraṇāḥ varavāraṇaiḥ
unmathya punaḥ ājahruḥ preritāḥ paramāṅkuśaiḥ

45. vāraṇāḥ varavāraṇaiḥ pratīpam hriyamāṇāḥ ca
paramāṅkuśaiḥ preritāḥ unmathya punaḥ ājahruḥ

45. And elephants, though being driven back by superior elephants, later, spurred on by excellent goads, overthrew (their opponents) and drove them back again.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - backwards, in reverse, against

• ह्रियमाणाः (hriyamāṇāḥ) - being carried, being dragged, being driven

• च (ca) - and

• वारणाः (vāraṇāḥ) - elephants

• वरवारणैः (varavāraṇaiḥ) - by excellent elephants

• उन्मथ्य (unmathya) - having overthrown, having crushed, having churned up

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, once more

• आजह्रुः (ājahruḥ) - they brought back, they drove back

• प्रेरिताः (preritāḥ) - impelled, urged, spurred on

• परमाङ्कुशैः (paramāṅkuśaiḥ) - by excellent goads

Words meanings and morphology

प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - backwards, in reverse, against

(indeclinable)

ह्रियमाणाः (hriyamāṇāḥ) - being carried, being dragged, being driven

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hriyamāṇa

hriyamāṇa - being carried, being dragged, being led, being driven

Present Passive Participle

Present passive participle from root hṛ (to carry, lead).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वारणाः (vāraṇāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - elephant

वरवारणैः (varavāraṇaiḥ) - by excellent elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of varavāraṇa

varavāraṇa - excellent elephant, superior elephant

Compound of 'vara' (excellent) and 'vāraṇa' (elephant).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (vara+vāraṇa)

• vara – excellent, best, superior, chosen
  adjective (masculine)
• vāraṇa – elephant
  noun (masculine)

उन्मथ्य (unmathya) - having overthrown, having crushed, having churned up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root math (to churn, disturb) with prefix ud (un).

Prefix: ud

Root: math (class 9)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, once more

(indeclinable)

आजह्रुः (ājahruḥ) - they brought back, they drove back

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of āhṛ

Perfect Tense

Perfect tense (Lit) 3rd person plural active of root hṛ (to carry, lead) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

प्रेरिताः (preritāḥ) - impelled, urged, spurred on

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prerita

prerita - impelled, urged, sent, instigated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root īr (to move, excite) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: īr (class 2)

परमाङ्कुशैः (paramāṅkuśaiḥ) - by excellent goads

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paramāṅkuśa

paramāṅkuśa - supreme goad, excellent elephant-hook

Compound of 'parama' (supreme, excellent) and 'aṅkuśa' (goad).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (parama+aṅkuśa)

• parama – supreme, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)
• aṅkuśa – goad, elephant-hook
  noun (masculine)