महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-82, verse-48

दुर्योधनोऽपि नृपतिः परिवार्य महारणे ।
भीष्मं शांतनवं तूर्णं प्रयातः शिबिरं प्रति ॥४८॥

48. duryodhano'pi nṛpatiḥ parivārya mahāraṇe ,
bhīṣmaṁ śāṁtanavaṁ tūrṇaṁ prayātaḥ śibiraṁ prati.

48. duryodhanaḥ api nṛpatiḥ parivārya mahā-raṇe
bhīṣmam śāntanavam tūrṇam prayātaḥ śibiram prati

48. api nṛpatiḥ duryodhanaḥ mahā-raṇe bhīṣmam
śāntanavam parivārya tūrṇam śibiram prati prayātaḥ

48. King Duryodhana also, having surrounded Bhīṣma, the son of Śantanu, in the great battle, quickly went towards the camp.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• अपि (api) - also, too, even

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, ruler of men

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encompassed

• महा-रणे (mahā-raṇe) - in the great battle

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

• शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - referring to Bhīṣma as Śantanu's son (son of Śantanu, descendant of Śantanu)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - gone forth, departed

• शिबिरम् (śibiram) - camp

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to, against

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name, eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra); difficult to fight

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, evil
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `yudh` (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अपि (api) - also, too, even

(indeclinable)

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, ruler of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, men
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to Duryodhana.

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encompassed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from verb root `vṛ` (to cover, surround) with prefix `pari-` and suffix `-ya` (for prefixed roots).

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Absolutive, action prior to `prayātaḥ`.

महा-रणे (mahā-raṇe) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahā-raṇa

mahā-raṇa - great battle, great war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+raṇa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• raṇa – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a proper name, son of Śantanu); terrible, dreadful

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of `parivārya`.

शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - referring to Bhīṣma as Śantanu's son (son of Śantanu, descendant of Śantanu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Śantanu, son of Śantanu

Derived from 'śantanu' with suffix '-a' indicating progeny

Note: Appositive to `bhīṣmam`.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root `tvar` (to hasten) with suffix `-na`.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying `prayātaḥ`.

प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - gone forth, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - gone forth, departed, set out

Past Passive Participle

Formed from verb root `yā` (to go) with prefix `pra-` and suffix `-ta`.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Implies an action completed in the past.

शिबिरम् (śibiram) - camp

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śibira

śibira - camp, encampment, military station

Note: Object of motion (with prati).

प्रति (prati) - towards, to, against

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs `śibiram`.