महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-82, verse-19

तर्जयानं रणे शूरांस्त्रासयानं च सायकैः ।
दृष्ट्वा त्रेसुर्महाराज सिंहं मृगगणा इव ॥१९॥

19. tarjayānaṁ raṇe śūrāṁstrāsayānaṁ ca sāyakaiḥ ,
dṛṣṭvā tresurmahārāja siṁhaṁ mṛgagaṇā iva.

19. tarjayānam raṇe śūrān trāsayānam ca sāyakaiḥ
dṛṣṭvā tresuḥ mahārāja siṃham mṛgagaṇāḥ iva

19. mahārāja raṇe śūrān tarjayānam ca sāyakaiḥ
trāsayānam dṛṣṭvā mṛgagaṇāḥ siṃham iva tresuḥ

19. O great king, having seen him threatening brave warriors in battle and terrifying them with his arrows, they trembled, just as herds of deer (mṛgagaṇā) would tremble before a lion.

Words meanings summery:

• तर्जयानम् (tarjayānam) - Referring to Bhishma (threatening, intimidating)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• शूरान् (śūrān) - brave warriors, heroes

• त्रासयानम् (trāsayānam) - Referring to Bhishma (frightening, causing to flee)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows, by means of arrows

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• त्रेसुः (tresuḥ) - they trembled, they fled

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhritarashtra is being addressed. (O great king)

• सिंहम् (siṁham) - a lion

• मृगगणाः (mṛgagaṇāḥ) - herds of deer, groups of animals

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

तर्जयानम् (tarjayānam) - Referring to Bhishma (threatening, intimidating)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tarjayāna

tarjayāna - threatening, intimidating, causing to roar

Present Active Participle

Causative of tṛj (to threaten, roar) + śānac

Root: tṛj (class 6)

Note: Form of a present participle from a causative verb.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

शूरान् (śūrān) - brave warriors, heroes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant; a hero, warrior

त्रासयानम् (trāsayānam) - Referring to Bhishma (frightening, causing to flee)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of trāsayāna

trāsayāna - frightening, causing fear, terrifying

Present Active Participle

Causative of tras (to tremble, fear) + śānac

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Form of a present participle from a causative verb.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows, by means of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow

Root: si (class 4)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

from dṛś (to see) + ktvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

त्रेसुः (tresuḥ) - they trembled, they fled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of tras

Perfect Active

reduplicated root, 3rd person plural

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'mṛgagaṇāḥ' (implied here, explicit in the simile)

महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhritarashtra is being addressed. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

सिंहम् (siṁham) - a lion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion

Note: Object of fear for the deer.

मृगगणाः (mṛgagaṇāḥ) - herds of deer, groups of animals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛgagaṇa

mṛgagaṇa - herd of deer, collection of animals

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛga+gaṇa)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, host, troop
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `tresuḥ` in the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)