महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-82, verse-12

हताश्वं तु रथं त्यक्त्वा धर्मपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
आरुरोह रथं तूर्णं नकुलस्य महात्मनः ॥१२॥

12. hatāśvaṁ tu rathaṁ tyaktvā dharmaputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
āruroha rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ nakulasya mahātmanaḥ.

12. hatāśvam tu ratham tyaktvā dharmaputraḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
āruroha ratham tūrṇam nakulasya mahātmanaḥ

12. tu dharmaputraḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ hatāśvam ratham
tyaktvā tūrṇam mahātmanaḥ nakulasya ratham āruroha

12. Indeed, having abandoned his chariot (ratham) whose horses (aśvam) were slain (hata), Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Dharma (natural law) (dharmaputraḥ), quickly (tūrṇam) mounted (āruroha) the chariot (ratham) of the great-souled (mahātmanaḥ) Nakula.

Words meanings summery:

• हताश्वम् (hatāśvam) - whose horses were slain (having slain horses, whose horses are killed)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, yet, indeed, and)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot (his own, damaged) (chariot)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having left)

• धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Dharma (natural law) (son of Dharma (natural law), Yudhiṣṭhira)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name))

• आरुरोह (āruroha) - mounted (he mounted, he ascended)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot (Nakula's) (chariot)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• नकुलस्य (nakulasya) - of Nakula (of Nakula (name of a Pāṇḍava))

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (Nakula) (of the great-souled, of the noble-minded)

Words meanings and morphology

हताश्वम् (hatāśvam) - whose horses were slain (having slain horses, whose horses are killed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - having slain horses, whose horses are killed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+aśva)

• hata – slain, killed, destroyed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' + -ta suffix.
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'ratham'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, yet, indeed, and)

(indeclinable)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot (his own, damaged) (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having left)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'tyaj' + -tvā suffix.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Dharma (natural law) (son of Dharma (natural law), Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of Dharma (natural law); an epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+putra)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle), used adverbially.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

आरुरोह (āruroha) - mounted (he mounted, he ascended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ā-ruh

Perfect

Reduplicated perfect of ā-ruh.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot (Nakula's) (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tvar' + -ṇa suffix, often used adverbially in neuter accusative singular.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

नकुलस्य (nakulasya) - of Nakula (of Nakula (name of a Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (proper name); mongoose

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (Nakula) (of the great-souled, of the noble-minded)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted; the great self (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'nakulasya'.