महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-82, verse-23

तस्मिंस्तु तुमुले युद्धे वर्तमाने सुदारुणे ।
सर्वेषामेव सैन्यानामासीद्व्यतिकरो महान् ॥२३॥

23. tasmiṁstu tumule yuddhe vartamāne sudāruṇe ,
sarveṣāmeva sainyānāmāsīdvyatikaro mahān.

23. tasmin tu tumule yuddhe vartamāne sudāruṇe
sarveṣām eva sainyānām āsīt vyatikaraḥ mahān

23. tu tasmin tumule sudāruṇe vartamāne yuddhe,
sarveṣām eva sainyānām mahān vyatikaraḥ āsīt

23. But while that tumultuous and extremely fierce battle was ongoing, there was a great intertwining (vyatikara) and confusion among all the armies.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - (in that battle) (in that)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तुमुले (tumule) - tumultuous, fierce

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - (while it was ongoing) (ongoing, present, existing)

• सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - extremely fierce, very terrible

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• एव (eva) - (emphasizes 'all') (indeed, only, certainly)

• सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of the armies

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, existed

• व्यतिकरः (vyatikaraḥ) - mixing, confusion, intertwining, mutual action

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, extensive

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - (in that battle) (in that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: A particle indicating contrast or emphasis.

तुमुले (tumule) - tumultuous, fierce

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, violent, noisy

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - (while it was ongoing) (ongoing, present, existing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, happening, present

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'vṛt' (to be, exist, turn).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'. Used in a locative absolute construction.

सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - extremely fierce, very terrible

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - extremely terrible, very fierce

Compound of 'su' (very, intensely) and 'dāruṇa' (terrible).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, cruel
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'.

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'sainyānām'.

एव (eva) - (emphasizes 'all') (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphasizing particle.

सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of the armies

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, military, host

Derived from 'senā' (army).

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect

From root 'as' (to be), augmented 'ā' added.

Root: as (class 2)

व्यतिकरः (vyatikaraḥ) - mixing, confusion, intertwining, mutual action

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikara

vyatikara - mixing, intermingling, confusion, mutual action

Derived from prefixes vi-ati with root kṛ (to do, to act).

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महान् (mahān) - great, large, extensive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive

Note: Agrees with 'vyatikaraḥ'.