महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-82, verse-15

ततो युधिष्ठिरो वश्यान्राज्ञस्तान्समचोदयत् ।
भीष्मं शांतनवं सर्वे निहतेति सुहृद्गणान् ॥१५॥

15. tato yudhiṣṭhiro vaśyānrājñastānsamacodayat ,
bhīṣmaṁ śāṁtanavaṁ sarve nihateti suhṛdgaṇān.

15. tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ vaśyān rājñaḥ tān samacodayat
bhīṣmam śāṃtanavam sarve nihata iti suhṛdgaṇān

15. tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tān vaśyān rājñaḥ suhṛdgaṇān samacodayat,
"sarve bhīṣmam śāṃtanavam nihata" iti

15. Then Yudhishthira urged all those obedient allied kings, saying, 'Kill Bhishma, the son of Shantanu!'

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

• वश्यान् (vaśyān) - obedient, loyal (allies) (obedient, submissive, compliant)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - kings (as allies) (kings, of a king)

• तान् (tān) - those (kings/allies) (those)

• समचोदयत् (samacodayat) - urged, commanded (urged, incited, impelled)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma (Bhishma (accusative))

• शांतनवम् (śāṁtanavam) - Bhishma, son of Shantanu (son of Shantanu)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of you (addressing the kings/allies) (all, everyone)

• निहत (nihata) - kill (as a command) (killed, struck down, destroyed)

• इति (iti) - thus, marking the end of direct speech (thus, so, in this manner)

• सुहृद्गणान् (suhṛdgaṇān) - allied groups, friends (groups of friends, allies)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, firm in war; name of the eldest Pandava

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'samacodayat'.

वश्यान् (vaśyān) - obedient, loyal (allies) (obedient, submissive, compliant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vaśya

vaśya - obedient, subject, docile, dependent

Gerundive

From root vaś (to wish, control).

Root: vaś (class 2)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - kings (as allies) (kings, of a king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'samacodayat', in apposition to 'suhṛdgaṇān'.

तान् (tān) - those (kings/allies) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

समचोदयत् (samacodayat) - urged, commanded (urged, incited, impelled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of samcoday

Causative

Imperfect 3rd singular active, from root cud (to urge) with prefix sam, causative stem coday.

Prefix: sam

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Subject 'yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma (Bhishma (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - formidable, terrible; name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of the implied verb of killing in the command.

शांतनवम् (śāṁtanavam) - Bhishma, son of Shantanu (son of Shantanu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāṃtanava

śāṁtanava - descendant of Shantanu, son of Shantanu

Taddhita derivation from Shantanu (śantanu).

सर्वे (sarve) - all of you (addressing the kings/allies) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Universal pronoun.

Note: Implied subject of the command.

निहत (nihata) - kill (as a command) (killed, struck down, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni. Can be used as an imperative/command in certain contexts.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Often, PPP + iti functions as a command or strong wish in narrative. Here, with 'sarve' (nom. pl.), it implies 'Let Bhishma be killed by all (of you)'.

इति (iti) - thus, marking the end of direct speech (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

सुहृद्गणान् (suhṛdgaṇān) - allied groups, friends (groups of friends, allies)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suhṛdgaṇa

suhṛdgaṇa - group of friends, host of allies, friendly multitude

Compound: suhṛd (friend) + gaṇa (group).

Compound type : tatpurusha (suhṛd+gaṇa)

• suhṛd – friend, well-wisher
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, host
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'samacodayat'.