महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-82, verse-41

युध्यतां तु तथा तेषां कुर्वतां कर्म दुष्करम् ।
अस्तं गिरिमथारूढे नप्रकाशति भास्करे ॥४१॥

41. yudhyatāṁ tu tathā teṣāṁ kurvatāṁ karma duṣkaram ,
astaṁ girimathārūḍhe naprakāśati bhāskare.

41. yudhyatām tu tathā teṣām kurvatām karma duṣkaram
astam girim atha ārūḍhe na prakāśati bhāskare

41. teṣām yudhyatām tu tathā duṣkaram karma kurvatām,
bhāskare astam girim atha ārūḍhe na prakāśati.

41. While they were thus fighting and performing difficult deeds (karma), the sun, having climbed the western mountain, no longer shone.

Words meanings summery:

• युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - of the warriors fighting (of those fighting, by those fighting)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (warriors) (of them)

• कुर्वताम् (kurvatām) - of those warriors performing (of those doing, by those performing)

• कर्म (karma) - difficult deeds or actions (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual)

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - deeds that are difficult to accomplish (difficult to do, arduous)

• अस्तम् (astam) - the western (setting) mountain (setting, western)

• गिरिम् (girim) - the mountain (over which the sun sets) (mountain, hill)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• आरूढे (ārūḍhe) - when the sun (bhāskare) had climbed (having ascended, having climbed)

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रकाशति (prakāśati) - does not shine (shines, appears)

• भास्करे (bhāskare) - when the sun (as part of locative absolute) (in the sun, when the sun)

Words meanings and morphology

युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - of the warriors fighting (of those fighting, by those fighting)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting (present participle stem)

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root yudh (to fight), class 4.

Root: yudh (class 4)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (warriors) (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कुर्वताम् (kurvatām) - of those warriors performing (of those doing, by those performing)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kurvat

kurvat - doing, performing (present participle stem)

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root kṛ (to do, make), class 8.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कर्म (karma) - difficult deeds or actions (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, result of actions

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - deeds that are difficult to accomplish (difficult to do, arduous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard to accomplish, arduous

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  prefix
• kara – making, doing, causing
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from the root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अस्तम् (astam) - the western (setting) mountain (setting, western)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asta

asta - setting, western, disappeared, home, end

गिरिम् (girim) - the mountain (over which the sun sets) (mountain, hill)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

आरूढे (ārūḍhe) - when the sun (bhāskare) had climbed (having ascended, having climbed)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of ārūḍha

ārūḍha - mounted, ascended, climbed, ridden

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root ruh (to grow, ascend) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with bhāskare.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रकाशति (prakāśati) - does not shine (shines, appears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of prakāś

Root kāś with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

भास्करे (bhāskare) - when the sun (as part of locative absolute) (in the sun, when the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun, sun-maker

Note: Used in locative absolute construction.