महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-52

महते योऽपकाराय नरस्य प्रभवेन्नरः ।
तेन वैरं समासज्य दूरस्थोऽस्मीति नाश्वसेत् ॥५२॥

52. mahate yo'pakārāya narasya prabhavennaraḥ ,
tena vairaṁ samāsajya dūrastho'smīti nāśvaset.

52. mahate yaḥ apakārāya narasya prabhaven naraḥ tena
vairam samāsajya dūrasthaḥ asmi iti na āśvaset

52. One should not feel secure, thinking 'I am far away,' after having formed an enmity with a person who is capable of inflicting great harm upon another.

Words meanings summery:

• महते (mahate) - for great, to the great

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अपकाराय (apakārāya) - for harm, for injury, for offense

• नरस्य (narasya) - of a person, of a man

• प्रभवेन् (prabhaven) - might be, might become, might be capable

• नरः (naraḥ) - a person, a man

• तेन (tena) - by him, with him

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility

• समासज्य (samāsajya) - having incurred, having formed, having entered into

• दूरस्थः (dūrasthaḥ) - standing far off, far away, remote

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech or thought

• न (na) - not

• आश्वसेत् (āśvaset) - one should trust, one should feel secure

Words meanings and morphology

महते (mahate) - for great, to the great

(adjective)

Dative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Note: Used with 'apakārāya'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that which

Note: Subject of 'prabhaven'.

अपकाराय (apakārāya) - for harm, for injury, for offense

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of apakāra

apakāra - harm, injury, offense, mischief

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with prefix 'apa'.

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Dative of purpose.

नरस्य (narasya) - of a person, of a man

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male

Note: Indicates the object of the harm.

प्रभवेन् (prabhaven) - might be, might become, might be capable

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of prabhū

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - a person, a man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male

Note: Subject of 'prabhaven'.

तेन (tena) - by him, with him

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, revenge, opposition

Note: Object of 'samāsajya'.

समासज्य (samāsajya) - having incurred, having formed, having entered into

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root 'sañj' (to cling, to attach) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Indicates prior action to 'āśvaset'.

दूरस्थः (dūrasthaḥ) - standing far off, far away, remote

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dūrastha

dūrastha - standing far, remote, distant

Compound of 'dūra' (far) and 'stha' (standing/being).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dūra+stha)

• dūra – far, distant, remote
  adjective (neuter)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate for implied 'I' in 'asmi'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech or thought

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the thought 'dūrasthaḥ asmi'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'āśvaset'.

आश्वसेत् (āśvaset) - one should trust, one should feel secure

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of āśvas

Derived from root 'śvas' (to breathe) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Refers to a generic 'one'.