महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-38

पश्य दोषान्पाण्डवैर्विग्रहे त्वं यत्र व्यथेरन्नपि देवाः सशक्राः ।
पुत्रैर्वैरं नित्यमुद्विग्नवासो यशःप्रणाशो द्विषतां च हर्षः ॥३८॥

38. paśya doṣānpāṇḍavairvigrahe tvaṁ; yatra vyatherannapi devāḥ saśakrāḥ ,
putrairvairaṁ nityamudvignavāso; yaśaḥpraṇāśo dviṣatāṁ ca harṣaḥ.

38. paśya doṣān pāṇḍavaiḥ vigrahe tvam
yatra vyatheran api devāḥ saśakrāḥ
putraiḥ vairam nityam udvignavāsaḥ
yaśaḥ praṇāśaḥ dviṣatām ca harṣaḥ

38. You should consider the flaws in engaging in conflict with the Pāṇḍavas, a conflict where even the gods, along with Indra, would become distressed. [Such a war means] enmity among your sons, perpetual anxious living, the ruin of your reputation, and delight for your adversaries.

Words meanings summery:

• पश्य (paśya) - see, behold, observe

• दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, evils, disadvantages

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas, with the Pāṇḍavas

• विग्रहे (vigrahe) - in conflict, in battle, in disagreement, in war

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which, in which case

• व्यथेरन् (vyatheran) - they would suffer, they would be distressed, they would be pained

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

• सशक्राः (saśakrāḥ) - along with Śakra (Indra), accompanied by Indra

• पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - Here, implying 'among' sons (i.e., between Duryodhana and his brothers/other Kauravas) or 'for the sake of' sons. (by/with sons, for sons)

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, revenge

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• उद्विग्नवासः (udvignavāsaḥ) - anxious dwelling, troubled existence, state of constant apprehension

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame, glory, reputation

• प्रणाशः (praṇāśaḥ) - destruction, ruin, loss, disappearance

• द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of enemies, of foes

• च (ca) - and, also

• हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy, delight, happiness

Words meanings and morphology

पश्य (paśya) - see, behold, observe

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative, 2nd person singular, parasmaipada. Root conjugated as `paśya`.

Irregular present stem from root `dṛś`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, evils, disadvantages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, blame, harm, evil

From root `duṣ` (to be bad, corrupt).

Root: duṣ (class 4)

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas, with the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, one of the Pāṇḍavas

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

विग्रहे (vigrahe) - in conflict, in battle, in disagreement, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vigraha

vigraha - separation, division, quarrel, conflict, war, body, form

From `vi` + root `grah` (to seize).

Prefix: vi

Root: grah (class 9)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which, in which case

(indeclinable)

From `yad` + `tra` suffix (locative sense).

व्यथेरन् (vyatheran) - they would suffer, they would be distressed, they would be pained

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vyath

Optative mood, 3rd person plural, ātmanepada.

Root `vyath`.

Root: vyath (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine, celestial

From root `div` (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

सशक्राः (saśakrāḥ) - along with Śakra (Indra), accompanied by Indra

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saśakra

saśakra - with Śakra, accompanied by Indra

Bahuvrīhi compound: `sa` (with) + `śakra` (Indra).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+śakra)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'with'.
• śakra – Indra (name of the chief of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `devāḥ`.

पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - Here, implying 'among' sons (i.e., between Duryodhana and his brothers/other Kauravas) or 'for the sake of' sons. (by/with sons, for sons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, revenge

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, revenge, hatred

From `vīra` (hero) or related to `vīra` (man), implying a conflict between men.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

From `ni` + root `i` (to go) + `tya` suffix.

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

उद्विग्नवासः (udvignavāsaḥ) - anxious dwelling, troubled existence, state of constant apprehension

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udvignavāsa

udvignavāsa - anxious dwelling, troubled existence

Tatpurusha compound: `udvigna` (agitated, anxious) + `vāsa` (dwelling, living).

Compound type : tatpurusha (udvigna+vāsa)

• udvigna – agitated, alarmed, anxious, uneasy
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From `ud` + root `vij` (to tremble, fear).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)
• vāsa – dwelling, abode, living, stay
  noun (masculine)
  From root `vas` (to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Compound serving as a predicate.

यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame, glory, reputation

(noun)

neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, reputation, splendor

From root `yaś` (to make efforts).

Root: yaś (class 1)

Note: First part of `yaśaḥpraṇāśaḥ`.

प्रणाशः (praṇāśaḥ) - destruction, ruin, loss, disappearance

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇāśa

praṇāśa - destruction, ruin, loss, disappearance

From `pra` + root `naś` (to perish, be lost).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yaśas+praṇāśa)

• yaśas – fame, glory, reputation
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yaś (class 1)
• praṇāśa – destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From `pra` + root `naś`.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Compound serving as a predicate.

द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of enemies, of foes

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dviṣat

dviṣat - enemy, foe (present active participle of `dviṣ`)

Present Active Participle

From root `dviṣ` (to hate).

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `harṣaḥ`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हर्षः (harṣaḥ) - joy, delight, happiness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, happiness, exhilaration, erection

From root `hṛṣ` (to be excited, rejoice).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)