महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-45

यस्यात्मा विरतः पापात्कल्याणे च निवेशितः ।
तेन सर्वमिदं बुद्धं प्रकृतिर्विकृतिश्च या ॥४५॥

45. yasyātmā virataḥ pāpātkalyāṇe ca niveśitaḥ ,
tena sarvamidaṁ buddhaṁ prakṛtirvikṛtiśca yā.

45. yasya ātmā virataḥ pāpāt kalyāṇe ca niveśitaḥ
tena sarvam idam buddham prakṛtiḥ vikṛtiḥ ca yā

45. He whose self (ātman) is detached from sin and dedicated to welfare understands all of this, including both original nature (prakṛti) and its transformations.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which person

• आत्मा (ātmā) - self, soul, spirit

• विरतः (virataḥ) - detached, abstaining, ceased

• पापात् (pāpāt) - from sin, from evil

• कल्याणे (kalyāṇe) - in welfare, in auspiciousness, towards good

• च (ca) - and, also

• निवेशितः (niveśitaḥ) - placed, fixed, directed, dedicated

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

• इदम् (idam) - this

• बुद्धम् (buddham) - understood, awakened, known

• प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - original nature, primal matter

• विकृतिः (vikṛtiḥ) - modification, transformation, aberration

• च (ca) - and, also

• या (yā) - which, who (feminine)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which person

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to the implicit person being described.

आत्मा (ātmā) - self, soul, spirit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual essence

विरतः (virataḥ) - detached, abstaining, ceased

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virata

virata - detached, abstaining, ceased, stopped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ram (to stop, to rest) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Used here as an adjective modifying 'ātmā'.

पापात् (pāpāt) - from sin, from evil

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, bad deed, vice

कल्याणे (kalyāṇe) - in welfare, in auspiciousness, towards good

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kalyāṇa

kalyāṇa - welfare, auspiciousness, virtue, happiness, good

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निवेशितः (niveśitaḥ) - placed, fixed, directed, dedicated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niveśita

niveśita - placed, fixed, directed, situated, dedicated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root viś (to enter) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Used here as an adjective modifying 'ātmā'.

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person whose self is described.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

बुद्धम् (buddham) - understood, awakened, known

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of buddha

buddha - understood, awakened, known, enlightened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root budh (to know, to awaken).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Used here as a predicate adjective, 'is understood'.

प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - original nature, primal matter

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - original nature, source, primal matter, fundamental constituent, nature (prakṛti)

विकृतिः (vikṛtiḥ) - modification, transformation, aberration

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vikṛti

vikṛti - modification, transformation, aberration, change, effect

Derived from root kṛ (to do, to make) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

या (yā) - which, who (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to 'prakṛtiḥ' and 'vikṛtiḥ', hence feminine.