महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-8

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
शतायुरुक्तः पुरुषः सर्ववेदेषु वै यदा ।
नाप्नोत्यथ च तत्सर्वमायुः केनेह हेतुना ॥८॥

8. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
śatāyuruktaḥ puruṣaḥ sarvavedeṣu vai yadā ,
nāpnotyatha ca tatsarvamāyuḥ keneha hetunā.

8. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca śatāyuḥ uktaḥ puruṣaḥ sarvavedeṣu vai
yadā na āpnoti atha ca tat sarvam āyuḥ kena iha hetunā

8. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: When a person (puruṣa) is indeed declared in all the Vedas to have a lifespan of a hundred years, yet here he does not attain that full lifespan, by what reason does this happen?

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• शतायुः (śatāyuḥ) - having a hundred years of life, centenarian

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, declared, spoken

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person (puruṣa) (person, man, male)

• सर्ववेदेषु (sarvavedeṣu) - in all the Vedas

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• न (na) - not, no

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - he obtains, he attains, he reaches

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• च (ca) - and, also

• तत् (tat) - that

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, complete

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - name of a king

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

irregular perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

शतायुः (śatāyuḥ) - having a hundred years of life, centenarian

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatāyu

śatāyu - having a hundred years of life

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śata+āyu)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• āyu – life, lifespan
  noun (neuter)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, declared, spoken

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vac

vac - to speak, say

Root: vac (class 2)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person (puruṣa) (person, man, male)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, man, male, cosmic person

सर्ववेदेषु (sarvavedeṣu) - in all the Vedas

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarvaveda

sarvaveda - all Vedas

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sarva+veda)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• veda – Veda, knowledge, sacred lore
  noun (masculine)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - he obtains, he attains, he reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of āp

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, lifespan

केन (kena) - by what, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - reason, cause, motive