महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-4

यश्चाभिजातः प्रकरोत्यकार्यं यश्चाबलो बलिना नित्यवैरी ।
अश्रद्दधानाय च यो ब्रवीति यश्चाकाम्यं कामयते नरेन्द्र ॥४॥

4. yaścābhijātaḥ prakarotyakāryaṁ; yaścābalo balinā nityavairī ,
aśraddadhānāya ca yo bravīti; yaścākāmyaṁ kāmayate narendra.

4. yaḥ ca abhijātaḥ prakaroti akāryam
yaḥ ca abalaḥ balinā nityavairī
aśraddadhānāya ca yaḥ bravīti
yaḥ ca akāmyam kāmayate narendra

4. And he who, though of noble birth, commits an improper act; and he who, though weak, is perpetually hostile towards a strong person; and he who speaks to a faithless person (śraddhā); and he who desires what should not be desired, O King (narendra).

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• च (ca) - and

• अभिजातः (abhijātaḥ) - noble-born, well-born

• प्रकरोति (prakaroti) - he performs, he does, he commits

• अकार्यम् (akāryam) - improper act, what should not be done

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• च (ca) - and

• अबलः (abalaḥ) - weak, powerless

• बलिना (balinā) - by a strong person, with a powerful one

• नित्यवैरी (nityavairī) - perpetual enemy, one who is always hostile

• अश्रद्दधानाय (aśraddadhānāya) - to one lacking devotion or spiritual inclination (śraddhā) (to one who is faithless, to one without faith)

• च (ca) - and

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• ब्रवीति (bravīti) - he speaks, he says

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• च (ca) - and

• अकाम्यम् (akāmyam) - what should not be desired, undesirable

• कामयते (kāmayate) - he desires, he wishes

• नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O Dhritarashtra (O king of men, O lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अभिजातः (abhijātaḥ) - noble-born, well-born

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhijāta

abhijāta - noble-born, well-born, produced

Past Passive Participle

from prefix abhi + root jan (to be born), past passive participle, masculine nominative singular

Prefix: abhi

Root: jan (class 4)

प्रकरोति (prakaroti) - he performs, he does, he commits

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Active

Present, 3rd person singular active, with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अकार्यम् (akāryam) - improper act, what should not be done

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akārya

akārya - not to be done, improper act, wrong action

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+kārya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kārya – to be done, duty, action
  adjective
  Gerundive
  from root kṛ (to do) + ya (kṛtya suffix)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अबलः (abalaḥ) - weak, powerless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abala

abala - weak, powerless, without strength

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrihi (a+bala)

• a – not, without
  indeclinable
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

बलिना (balinā) - by a strong person, with a powerful one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, possessor of strength

नित्यवैरी (nityavairī) - perpetual enemy, one who is always hostile

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nityavairin

nityavairin - perpetual enemy, one who is always hostile

Compound type : tatpurusha (nitya+vairin)

• nitya – eternal, constant, perpetual
  adjective
• vairin – enemy, hostile
  noun (masculine)

अश्रद्दधानाय (aśraddadhānāya) - to one lacking devotion or spiritual inclination (śraddhā) (to one who is faithless, to one without faith)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of aśraddadhāna

aśraddadhāna - faithless, unbelieving, lacking confidence (śraddhā)

Present Active Participle

Present participle from root dhā with prefix śrat and negative 'a', indicating absence of śraddhā

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+śraddadhāna)

• a – not, without
  indeclinable
• śraddadhāna – believing, having faith (śraddhā)
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  from root dhā (to place) with upasarga śrat (representing śraddhā), present active participle
  Prefix: śrat
  Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

ब्रवीति (bravīti) - he speaks, he says

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present Active

Present, 3rd person singular active

Root: brū (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अकाम्यम् (akāmyam) - what should not be desired, undesirable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akāmya

akāmya - not to be desired, undesirable

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+kāmya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kāmya – to be desired, desirable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  from root kam (to desire) + ya (kṛtya suffix)
  Root: kam (class 1)

कामयते (kāmayate) - he desires, he wishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kam

Present Middle (Denominative)

Present, 3rd person singular middle, from denominative root kāmaya (to desire)

Root: kam (class 10)

नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O Dhritarashtra (O king of men, O lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king of men, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+indra)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief
  noun (masculine)