महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-18

उक्तं मया द्यूतकालेऽपि राजन्नैवं युक्तं वचनं प्रातिपीय ।
तदौषधं पथ्यमिवातुरस्य न रोचते तव वैचित्रवीर्य ॥१८॥

18. uktaṁ mayā dyūtakāle'pi rāja;nnaivaṁ yuktaṁ vacanaṁ prātipīya ,
tadauṣadhaṁ pathyamivāturasya; na rocate tava vaicitravīrya.

18. uktam mayā dyūtakāle api rājan
na evam yuktam vacanam prātipīya
tat auṣadham pathyam iva āturasya
na rocate tava vaicitravīrya

18. O King, O descendant of Pratipa, I indeed spoke to you even during the game of dice, saying that such words were not proper. But that advice, O son of Vichitravirya, is not agreeable to you, just as wholesome food is not agreeable to a sick person.

Words meanings summery:

• उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken, told

• मया (mayā) - by me

• द्यूतकाले (dyūtakāle) - refers to the famous dice game in the Mahabharata (at the time of dice game, during gambling)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (O King)

• न (na) - not, no

• एवम् (evam) - refers to the improper words/actions (thus, so, in this manner)

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - appropriate, suitable (for vacanam) (proper, right, fit, joined)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - the advice or words spoken by Bhishma (word, speech, statement, advice)

• प्रातिपीय (prātipīya) - Addressing Dhritarashtra, who is a descendant of King Pratipa (O son of Pratipa, O descendant of Pratipa)

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the advice (vacanam) (that, that (as pronoun/adjective))

• औषधम् (auṣadham) - The advice is likened to medicine. (medicine, remedy)

• पथ्यम् (pathyam) - food that is good for health, especially for the sick (wholesome food, dietetic, salutary)

• इव (iva) - introduces a comparison (like, as, as if)

• आतुरस्य (āturasya) - of a sick person, for a distressed person

• न (na) - not, no

• रोचते (rocate) - is agreeable (to you) (pleases, is agreeable, shines)

• तव (tava) - to you (Dhritarashtra), dative sense (to you, of you, your)

• वैचित्रवीर्य (vaicitravīrya) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (O son of Vichitravirya)

Words meanings and morphology

उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken, told

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to vacanam.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Agent in passive construction.

द्यूतकाले (dyūtakāle) - refers to the famous dice game in the Mahabharata (at the time of dice game, during gambling)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dyūtakāla

dyūtakāla - time of dice-play, gambling period

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dyūta+kāla)

• dyūta – dice, gambling, game of dice
  noun (neuter)
  Root: div (class 4)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - refers to the improper words/actions (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

युक्तम् (yuktam) - appropriate, suitable (for vacanam) (proper, right, fit, joined)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, proper, fit, engaged in, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, to connect)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies vacanam.

वचनम् (vacanam) - the advice or words spoken by Bhishma (word, speech, statement, advice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, speech, word, statement

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of the 'not proper' clause.

प्रातिपीय (prātipīya) - Addressing Dhritarashtra, who is a descendant of King Pratipa (O son of Pratipa, O descendant of Pratipa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prātipīya

prātipīya - descendant of Pratipa

Pratipa + īya (suffix denoting descent)

तत् (tat) - Refers to the advice (vacanam) (that, that (as pronoun/adjective))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Functions as an adjective for auṣadham or refers back to the vacanam.

औषधम् (auṣadham) - The advice is likened to medicine. (medicine, remedy)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of auṣadha

auṣadha - medicine, drug, herb

Note: Subject of the 'not pleasing' clause.

पथ्यम् (pathyam) - food that is good for health, especially for the sick (wholesome food, dietetic, salutary)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pathya

pathya - fit for a road or journey, suitable, wholesome, salutary, agreeable, proper

Gerundive

From path (path, road), means 'suitable for the path (of life/health)'.

Root: path

Note: Acts as the object of comparison for auṣadham.

इव (iva) - introduces a comparison (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

आतुरस्य (āturasya) - of a sick person, for a distressed person

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātura

ātura - sick, ill, distressed, afflicted

From ā + tur (to hasten, to injure)

Prefix: ā

Root: tur (class 1)

Note: Genitive case often implies 'for the benefit of'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

रोचते (rocate) - is agreeable (to you) (pleases, is agreeable, shines)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ruc

Present

3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: ruc (class 1)

तव (tava) - to you (Dhritarashtra), dative sense (to you, of you, your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

वैचित्रवीर्य (vaicitravīrya) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (O son of Vichitravirya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vaicitravīrya

vaicitravīrya - son of Vichitravirya

Vicitravīrya + a (patronymic suffix)