महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-48

बलं पञ्चविधं नित्यं पुरुषाणां निबोध मे ।
यत्तु बाहुबलं नाम कनिष्ठं बलमुच्यते ॥४८॥

48. balaṁ pañcavidhaṁ nityaṁ puruṣāṇāṁ nibodha me ,
yattu bāhubalaṁ nāma kaniṣṭhaṁ balamucyate.

48. balam pañcavidham nityam puruṣāṇām nibodha me
yat tu bāhubalam nāma kaniṣṭham balam ucyate

48. Understand from me the five types of enduring strength (bala) possessed by men. That which is called physical strength is declared to be the least significant strength.

Words meanings summery:

• बलम् (balam) - strength, power, might

• पञ्चविधम् (pañcavidham) - fivefold, of five kinds/types

• नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal, constant, enduring

• पुरुषाणाम् (puruṣāṇām) - of men, of persons

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive

• मे (me) - from me (from me, to me, my)

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• बाहुबलम् (bāhubalam) - physical strength, arm strength

• नाम (nāma) - called, indeed (by name, indeed, namely)

• कनिष्ठम् (kaniṣṭham) - lowest, youngest, least significant

• बलम् (balam) - strength, power, might

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

बलम् (balam) - strength, power, might

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, might, force, army (bala)

पञ्चविधम् (pañcavidham) - fivefold, of five kinds/types

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcavidha

pañcavidha - fivefold, of five kinds, five different ways

Compound type : dvigu (pañcan+vidha)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, type, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'balam'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal, constant, enduring

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nitya

nitya - eternal, constant, perpetual, enduring, always

Note: Modifies 'balam'.

पुरुषाणाम् (puruṣāṇām) - of men, of persons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of budh

Imperative Mood

Root 'budh' in the 1st conjugation (present stem bodh-), with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me (from me, to me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I (pronoun, 1st person)

Note: Enclitic form for 'mama' (genitive) or 'mahyam' (dative).

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

बाहुबलम् (bāhubalam) - physical strength, arm strength

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bāhubala

bāhubala - physical strength, arm strength, bodily power

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāhu+bala)

• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

नाम (nāma) - called, indeed (by name, indeed, namely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an intensifier or to introduce a common designation.

कनिष्ठम् (kaniṣṭham) - lowest, youngest, least significant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaniṣṭha

kaniṣṭha - lowest, youngest, least, inferior

Superlative degree of 'kana' or 'yuvan' (young).

Note: Modifies 'balam'.

बलम् (balam) - strength, power, might

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, might, force, army (bala)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Tense

Root 'vac' (2nd conjugation, but passive form uses 'ucya' stem).

Root: vac (class 2)