महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-13

गृही वदान्योऽनपविद्धवाक्यः शेषान्नभोक्ताप्यविहिंसकश्च ।
नानर्थकृत्त्यक्तकलिः कृतज्ञः सत्यो मृदुः स्वर्गमुपैति विद्वान् ॥१३॥

13. gṛhī vadānyo'napaviddhavākyaḥ; śeṣānnabhoktāpyavihiṁsakaśca ,
nānarthakṛttyaktakaliḥ kṛtajñaḥ; satyo mṛduḥ svargamupaiti vidvān.

13. gṛhī vadānyaḥ anapaviddhavākyaḥ
śeṣānnabhoktā api avihimsakaḥ ca na
anarthakṛt tyaktakaliḥ kṛtajñaḥ
satyaḥ mṛduḥ svargam upaiti vidvān

13. A householder who is generous, whose word is reliable, who partakes of food only after others, who practices non-violence (avihimsakaḥ), causes no trouble, has given up quarrel, is grateful, truthful, gentle, and learned, attains heaven.

13. בעל בית נדיב, שדבריו אינם נדחים, האוכל את שאריות המאכל (אחרי שהאכיל אחרים), שאינו פוגע באיש, אינו עושה מעשה מזיק, זונח מריבות, אסיר תודה, אמיתי ורך - החכם הזה עולה לשמיים.

Words meanings summery:

• गृही (gṛhī) - householder

• वदान्यः (vadānyaḥ) - generous (generous, liberal, eloquent)

• अनपविद्धवाक्यः (anapaviddhavākyaḥ) - reliable in speech (one whose words are not cast away; truthful, reliable in speech)

• शेषान्नभोक्ता (śeṣānnabhoktā) - one who partakes of food only after others (guests, deities, etc.) have been fed (eater of remnant food; one who eats after others)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, moreover)

• अविहिम्सकः (avihimsakaḥ) - non-injurious (avihimsakaḥ) (non-injurious, non-violent, harmless)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अनर्थकृत् (anarthakṛt) - one who causes no trouble (one who does no harm, one who does not cause trouble)

• त्यक्तकलिः (tyaktakaliḥ) - one who has given up quarrel (one who has abandoned quarrel/strife)

• कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - grateful (grateful, knowing what has been done for one)

• सत्यः (satyaḥ) - truthful (truthful, real, honest)

• मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle (gentle, soft, mild)

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven (heaven, celestial abode)

• उपैति (upaiti) - attains (goes to, approaches, attains)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned (learned, wise, knowing)

Words meanings and morphology

गृही (gṛhī) - householder

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhin

gṛhin - householder, married man, one who dwells in a house

वदान्यः (vadānyaḥ) - generous (generous, liberal, eloquent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadānya

vadānya - generous, liberal, eloquent, speaking well, charitable

Root: vad (class 1)

अनपविद्धवाक्यः (anapaviddhavākyaḥ) - reliable in speech (one whose words are not cast away; truthful, reliable in speech)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anapaviddhavākya

anapaviddhavākya - whose words are not cast away, whose speech is not fruitless, truthful, reliable in speech

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (na+apaviddha+vākya)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• apaviddha – cast away, discarded, rejected, thrown down
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vidh' (to strike, pierce) with upasarga 'apa-'
  Prefix: apa
  Root: vidh (class 6)
• vākya – speech, word, sentence, declaration
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)

शेषान्नभोक्ता (śeṣānnabhoktā) - one who partakes of food only after others (guests, deities, etc.) have been fed (eater of remnant food; one who eats after others)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śeṣānnabhoktṛ

śeṣānnabhoktṛ - eater of remnant food, one who consumes what is left over

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śeṣa+anna+bhoktṛ)

• śeṣa – remainder, remnant, rest, residue
  noun (masculine)
• anna – food, grain, cooked rice
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ad' (to eat), typically refers to prepared food.
  Root: ad (class 2)
• bhoktṛ – eater, enjoyer, consumer, experiencer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'bhuj' (to enjoy, eat)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अविहिम्सकः (avihimsakaḥ) - non-injurious (avihimsakaḥ) (non-injurious, non-violent, harmless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avihimsaka

avihimsaka - not injuring, harmless, non-violent, one who does not wish to harm

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+vihimsaka)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vihimsaka – injurious, violent, one who harms, persecutor
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'hiṃs' (to injure) with 'vi-' prefix
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hiṃs (class 10)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अनर्थकृत् (anarthakṛt) - one who causes no trouble (one who does no harm, one who does not cause trouble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anarthakṛt

anarthakṛt - one who causes no trouble/harm, harmless, beneficial

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+anartha+kṛt)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• anartha – misfortune, calamity, harm, useless, meaningless
  noun (masculine)
• kṛt – maker, doer, performer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'kṛ' (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

त्यक्तकलिः (tyaktakaliḥ) - one who has given up quarrel (one who has abandoned quarrel/strife)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyaktakali

tyaktakali - one who has abandoned quarrel/strife, free from contention

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+kali)

• tyakta – abandoned, given up, renounced, left
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'tyaj' (to abandon)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• kali – strife, quarrel, discord, contention, a die
  noun (masculine)

कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - grateful (grateful, knowing what has been done for one)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtajña

kṛtajña - grateful, thankful, knowing what has been done for one, appreciative

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (kṛta+jña)

• kṛta – done, made, performed, completed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knowing, knower, acquainted with
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सत्यः (satyaḥ) - truthful (truthful, real, honest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satya

satya - truthful, true, real, honest, sincere

मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle (gentle, soft, mild)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, gentle, mild, tender, weak

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven (heaven, celestial abode)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial world, abode of the gods

उपैति (upaiti) - attains (goes to, approaches, attains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of upa-i

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned (learned, wise, knowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - learned, wise, knowing, intelligent

Perfect Active Participle

From root 'vid' (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

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