महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-21

न भृत्यानां वृत्तिसंरोधनेन बाह्यं जनं संजिघृक्षेदपूर्वम् ।
त्यजन्ति ह्येनमुचितावरुद्धाः स्निग्धा ह्यमात्याः परिहीनभोगाः ॥२१॥

21. na bhṛtyānāṁ vṛttisaṁrodhanena; bāhyaṁ janaṁ saṁjighṛkṣedapūrvam ,
tyajanti hyenamucitāvaruddhāḥ; snigdhā hyamātyāḥ parihīnabhogāḥ.

21. na bhṛtyānām vṛttisaṃrodhanena
bāhyam janam sañjighṛkṣet apūrvam
tyajanti hi enam ucitāvaruddhāḥ
snigdhāḥ hi amātyāḥ parihīnabhogāḥ

21. A ruler should not try to win over new, outside people by obstructing the livelihoods of his own servants. Indeed, even loyal ministers whose proper means of enjoyment are diminished and obstructed will abandon such a ruler.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• भृत्यानाम् (bhṛtyānām) - of (one's own) servants (of servants, of dependents)

• वृत्तिसंरोधनेन (vṛttisaṁrodhanena) - by obstructing (their) means of livelihood (by means of obstructing livelihood, by withholding support)

• बाह्यम् (bāhyam) - outside, unrelated (to one's immediate circle) (external, foreign, outside)

• जनम् (janam) - people (from outside, not one's own dependents) (person, people, man)

• सञ्जिघृक्षेत् (sañjighṛkṣet) - a ruler should desire to win over (one should desire to seize, one should wish to acquire, one should seek to win over)

• अपूर्वम् (apūrvam) - new (people, not previously associated with the ruler) (unprecedented, new, unseen before)

• त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they (the servants and ministers) abandon (they abandon, they forsake, they leave)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• एनम् (enam) - him (the ruler) (him, this one)

• उचितावरुद्धाः (ucitāvaruddhāḥ) - those whose proper livelihoods/enjoyments have been obstructed (those whose proper (means) are obstructed, rightfully restrained)

• स्निग्धाः (snigdhāḥ) - loyal (ministers/servants) (loyal, affectionate, devoted, attached)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• अमात्याः (amātyāḥ) - ministers (ministers, councillors)

• परिहीनभोगाः (parihīnabhogāḥ) - those whose enjoyments or proper benefits are diminished (those whose enjoyments/possessions are lost/diminished, deprived of their means)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

भृत्यानाम् (bhṛtyānām) - of (one's own) servants (of servants, of dependents)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependent, employee

from root bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

वृत्तिसंरोधनेन (vṛttisaṁrodhanena) - by obstructing (their) means of livelihood (by means of obstructing livelihood, by withholding support)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vṛttisaṃrodhana

vṛttisaṁrodhana - obstruction of livelihood

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtti+saṃrodhana)

• vṛtti – livelihood, occupation, means of subsistence
  noun (feminine)
  from root vṛt (to turn, exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• saṃrodhana – obstruction, hindrance, blockade
  noun (neuter)
  from root rudh (to obstruct) with prefix saṃ-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: rudh (class 7)

बाह्यम् (bāhyam) - outside, unrelated (to one's immediate circle) (external, foreign, outside)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāhya

bāhya - external, outer, foreign

from bahis (outside)

Note: Agrees with janam.

जनम् (janam) - people (from outside, not one's own dependents) (person, people, man)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, man

Root: jan (class 4)

सञ्जिघृक्षेत् (sañjighṛkṣet) - a ruler should desire to win over (one should desire to seize, one should wish to acquire, one should seek to win over)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of saṃgrah

desiderative stem

Desiderative of root grah with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

अपूर्वम् (apūrvam) - new (people, not previously associated with the ruler) (unprecedented, new, unseen before)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apūrva

apūrva - unprecedented, new, not having existed before

compound: a (not) + pūrva (before)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pūrva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• pūrva – before, former, prior
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with janam.

त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they (the servants and ministers) abandon (they abandon, they forsake, they leave)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (the ruler) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him

उचितावरुद्धाः (ucitāvaruddhāḥ) - those whose proper livelihoods/enjoyments have been obstructed (those whose proper (means) are obstructed, rightfully restrained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ucitāvaruddha

ucitāvaruddha - whose proper (means) are obstructed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ucita+avaruddha)

• ucita – proper, suitable, due
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root vac (to speak), past participle of 'uc' (to be fit)
  Root: uc (class 1)
• avaruddha – obstructed, restrained, blocked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root rudh (to obstruct) with prefix ava-
  Prefix: ava
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Describes 'snigdhāḥ amātyāḥ' indirectly, or general 'bhṛtyāḥ'.

स्निग्धाः (snigdhāḥ) - loyal (ministers/servants) (loyal, affectionate, devoted, attached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of snigdha

snigdha - loyal, affectionate, tender, smooth

Past Passive Participle

from root snih (to be sticky, to love)

Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'amātyāḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

अमात्याः (amātyāḥ) - ministers (ministers, councillors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - minister, councillor, associate

from amā (at home, together) + ty

परिहीनभोगाः (parihīnabhogāḥ) - those whose enjoyments or proper benefits are diminished (those whose enjoyments/possessions are lost/diminished, deprived of their means)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parihīnabhoga

parihīnabhoga - whose enjoyments are diminished

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parihīna+bhoga)

• parihīna – diminished, lost, abandoned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root hā (to leave) with prefix pari-
  Prefix: pari
  Root: hā (class 3)
• bhoga – enjoyment, possession, property, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  from root bhuj (to enjoy)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'amātyāḥ' and `ucitāvaruddhāḥ`.