महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-57

स एव खलु दारुभ्यो यदा निर्मथ्य दीप्यते ।
तदा तच्च वनं चान्यन्निर्दहत्याशु तेजसा ॥५७॥

57. sa eva khalu dārubhyo yadā nirmathya dīpyate ,
tadā tacca vanaṁ cānyannirdahatyāśu tejasā.

57. saḥ eva khalu dārubhyaḥ yadā nirmathya dīpyate
tadā tat ca vanam ca anyat nirdahati āśu tejasā

57. Indeed, when fire is generated by rubbing wood and then blazes, it swiftly consumes both that wood and the entire forest with its power.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - the fire (implied from context) (he, that (masculine))

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly, even)

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, certainly, for)

• दारुभ्यः (dārubhyaḥ) - from wood (from wood, for wood)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• निर्मथ्य (nirmathya) - having generated (fire) by rubbing (wood) (having churned out, having rubbed out, having produced by rubbing)

• दीप्यते (dīpyate) - blazes (blazes, shines, is kindled)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• तत् (tat) - that (wood) (that, it)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अन्यत् (anyat) - the rest (of the forest) (other, another, different)

• निर्दहति (nirdahati) - swiftly consumes (burns up, consumes completely)

• आशु (āśu) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

• तेजसा (tejasā) - with its power/radiance (by radiance, by power, by energy)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - the fire (implied from context) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Sandhi form of 'sa' (nominative singular masculine) before a consonant.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly, even)

(indeclinable)

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, certainly, for)

(indeclinable)

दारुभ्यः (dārubhyaḥ) - from wood (from wood, for wood)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of dāru

dāru - wood, timber

Note: Ablative plural (from wood); could also be dative plural (for wood).

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative adverb.

निर्मथ्य (nirmathya) - having generated (fire) by rubbing (wood) (having churned out, having rubbed out, having produced by rubbing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix 'nis-' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: nis

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating completion of action.

दीप्यते (dīpyate) - blazes (blazes, shines, is kindled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of dīp

Root 'dīp' (4th class, middle voice) with ending 'te'.

Root: dīp (class 4)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative adverb.

तत् (tat) - that (wood) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Also could be accusative.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of 'nirdahati'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - the rest (of the forest) (other, another, different)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Also could be nominative, but accusative fits the verb.

निर्दहति (nirdahati) - swiftly consumes (burns up, consumes completely)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dah

Root 'dah' (1st class, active voice) with prefix 'nis-'.

Prefix: nis

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: 'Nir' prefix implies completion or thoroughness.

आशु (āśu) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially.

तेजसा (tejasā) - with its power/radiance (by radiance, by power, by energy)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - radiance, brilliance, power, energy, vital essence