महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-59

लताधर्मा त्वं सपुत्रः शालाः पाण्डुसुता मताः ।
न लता वर्धते जातु महाद्रुममनाश्रिता ॥५९॥

59. latādharmā tvaṁ saputraḥ śālāḥ pāṇḍusutā matāḥ ,
na latā vardhate jātu mahādrumamanāśritā.

59. latādharma tvam saputraḥ śālāḥ pāṇḍusutāḥ
matāḥ na latā vardhate jātu mahādrumam anāśritā

59. You, along with your sons, possess the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a creeper. The sons of Pāṇḍu are considered mighty trees. A creeper can never grow if it does not rely on a great tree.

Words meanings summery:

• लताधर्म (latādharma) - possessing the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a creeper (having the intrinsic nature of a creeper)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Duryodhana) (you)

• सपुत्रः (saputraḥ) - along with your sons (with sons, having sons)

• शालाः (śālāḥ) - mighty trees (large trees, Sal trees, halls, houses)

• पाण्डुसुताः (pāṇḍusutāḥ) - the sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas) (sons of Pāṇḍu)

• मताः (matāḥ) - are considered (considered, thought, agreed upon)

• न (na) - never (with jātu) (not, no)

• लता (latā) - a creeper (creeper, vine)

• वर्धते (vardhate) - grows (grows, increases)

• जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time (ever, at any time, never (with negation))

• महाद्रुमम् (mahādrumam) - a great tree (great tree, large tree)

• अनाश्रिता (anāśritā) - without having relied on (a great tree) (not resorted to, unsupported, without having relied upon)

Words meanings and morphology

लताधर्म (latādharma) - possessing the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a creeper (having the intrinsic nature of a creeper)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of latādharma

latādharma - having the intrinsic nature of a creeper

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (latā+dharma)

• latā – creeper, vine
  noun (feminine)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'tvam'. The `ā` ending for a masculine nominative singular is somewhat irregular for typical Bahuvrihi compounds but can occur in certain contexts or as a poetic license.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Duryodhana) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: This word form `tvam` (without anusvāra) is the no-sandhi representation of the Devanagari `त्वं` (which has anusvāra).

सपुत्रः (saputraḥ) - along with your sons (with sons, having sons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saputra

saputra - having sons, with sons

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+putra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to 'tvam'.

शालाः (śālāḥ) - mighty trees (large trees, Sal trees, halls, houses)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śāla

śāla - Sal tree; large tree; house, hall

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

पाण्डुसुताः (pāṇḍusutāḥ) - the sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas) (sons of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍusuta

pāṇḍusuta - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+suta)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, born
  noun (masculine)
  Past passive participle of 'sū' (to beget), used as a noun.
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: `पाण्डुसुता` in Devanagari is grammatically inferred as `pāṇḍusutāḥ` to agree with `matāḥ`.

मताः (matāḥ) - are considered (considered, thought, agreed upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of man

man - to think, to believe, to consider

Past Passive Participle

Root 'man' + suffix '-ta', then declined as an adjective.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍusutāḥ' and 'śālāḥ'.

न (na) - never (with jātu) (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

लता (latā) - a creeper (creeper, vine)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of latā

latā - creeper, vine, plant

वर्धते (vardhate) - grows (grows, increases)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vṛdh

Root 'vṛdh' (1st class, middle voice) with ending 'ate'.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'latā'.

जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time (ever, at any time, never (with negation))

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'na' to mean 'never'.

महाद्रुमम् (mahādrumam) - a great tree (great tree, large tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahādruma

mahādruma - great tree, large tree

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+druma)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the implied action 'relying upon'.

अनाश्रिता (anāśritā) - without having relied on (a great tree) (not resorted to, unsupported, without having relied upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anāśrita

anāśrita - not resorted to, unsupported, independent

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Prefix 'an-' (negation) + 'āśrita' (P.P.P. of 'ā-śri').

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āśrita)

• an – un-, not
  indeclinable
• āśrita – resorted to, dependent, supported
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'śri' (to resort to, depend on) with prefix 'ā-'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'latā'.