महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-15

यो हि धर्मं व्यपाश्रित्य हित्वा भर्तुः प्रियाप्रिये ।
अप्रियाण्याह पथ्यानि तेन राजा सहायवान् ॥१५॥

15. yo hi dharmaṁ vyapāśritya hitvā bhartuḥ priyāpriye ,
apriyāṇyāha pathyāni tena rājā sahāyavān.

15. yaḥ hi dharmam vyapāśritya hitvā bhartuḥ priyāpriye
apriyāṇi āha pathyāni tena rājā sahāyavān

15. Indeed, that person who, taking refuge in (natural law) dharma and setting aside the master's personal preferences (pleasant or unpleasant), speaks words that are unpleasant but beneficial, by such a person the king is truly helped.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - that person who (who, which)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - (natural law) dharma (duty, righteousness, constitution (dharma))

• व्यपाश्रित्य (vyapāśritya) - taking refuge in (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, depending on)

• हित्वा (hitvā) - setting aside (having abandoned, having given up, having left)

• भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the master (of the master, of the lord, of the husband, of the supporter)

• प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - personal preferences (pleasant or unpleasant) (pleasant and unpleasant things, likes and dislikes)

• अप्रियाणि (apriyāṇi) - unpleasant (words) (unpleasant things, disagreeable things)

• आह (āha) - speaks (says, speaks)

• पथ्यानि (pathyāni) - beneficial (words) (wholesome things, beneficial things)

• तेन (tena) - by such a person (by him, by that)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• सहायवान् (sahāyavān) - truly helped (having a helper, assisted, supported)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - that person who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever, whatever

Note: Relative pronoun

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - (natural law) dharma (duty, righteousness, constitution (dharma))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, religion, custom, moral order (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

व्यपाश्रित्य (vyapāśritya) - taking refuge in (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, depending on)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'śri' (to lean on, resort to) with upasargas 'vi-apa-ā-'

Prefixes: vi+apa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

हित्वा (hitvā) - setting aside (having abandoned, having given up, having left)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'hā' (to abandon, leave)

Root: hā (class 3)

भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the master (of the master, of the lord, of the husband, of the supporter)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - master, lord, husband, supporter, maintainer, employer

Agent noun from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - personal preferences (pleasant or unpleasant) (pleasant and unpleasant things, likes and dislikes)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of priyāpriya

priyāpriya - pleasant and unpleasant, likes and dislikes, friends and enemies

Compound type : dvandva (priya+apriya)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective
• apriya – unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, enemy
  adjective

Note: Dual form refers to both pleasant and unpleasant things.

अप्रियाणि (apriyāṇi) - unpleasant (words) (unpleasant things, disagreeable things)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, enemy

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+priya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'pathyāni' (implied 'vacanāni')

आह (āha) - speaks (says, speaks)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of ah

Root: ah

पथ्यानि (pathyāni) - beneficial (words) (wholesome things, beneficial things)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pathya

pathya - wholesome, salutary, beneficial, suitable, proper

Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'vacanāni' (words)

तेन (tena) - by such a person (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, such

Note: Refers to 'yaḥ' (that person who)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign, chief

सहायवान् (sahāyavān) - truly helped (having a helper, assisted, supported)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahāyavat

sahāyavat - having a companion/helper, accompanied, assisted, aided

From 'sahāya' (helper) + '-vat' (possessive suffix)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahāya+vat)

• sahāya – helper, assistant, companion, associate
  noun (masculine)
• vat – having, possessing (possessive suffix), like, as
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix indicating possession or similarity