महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-47

संनियच्छति यो वेगमुत्थितं क्रोधहर्षयोः ।
स श्रियो भाजनं राजन्यश्चापत्सु न मुह्यति ॥४७॥

47. saṁniyacchati yo vegamutthitaṁ krodhaharṣayoḥ ,
sa śriyo bhājanaṁ rājanyaścāpatsu na muhyati.

47. saṃniyacchati yaḥ vegam utthitam krodhaharṣayoḥ
saḥ śriyaḥ bhājanam rājan yaḥ ca āpatsu na muhyati

47. O King, he who restrains the urges that arise from both anger and joy, and who does not become bewildered in adversities, becomes a recipient of prosperity.

Words meanings summery:

• संनियच्छति (saṁniyacchati) - restrains, controls, checks

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• वेगम् (vegam) - impulse, urge, force, speed

• उत्थितम् (utthitam) - arisen, produced, standing up

• क्रोधहर्षयोः (krodhaharṣayoḥ) - of anger and joy

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of prosperity, of fortune, of wealth

• भाजनम् (bhājanam) - worthy recipient, vessel, share

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• च (ca) - and, also

• आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities, in adversities

• न (na) - not, no

• मुह्यति (muhyati) - becomes bewildered, faints, gets confused

Words meanings and morphology

संनियच्छति (saṁniyacchati) - restrains, controls, checks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yam

Present Tense

Root 'yam' in the 1st conjugation (present stem yacch-), with prefixes sam and ni.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: yam (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

वेगम् (vegam) - impulse, urge, force, speed

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - impulse, urge, force, speed, vehemence

उत्थितम् (utthitam) - arisen, produced, standing up

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - arisen, produced, standing up, elevated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ut.

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used as an adjective modifying 'vegam'.

क्रोधहर्षयोः (krodhaharṣayoḥ) - of anger and joy

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of krodhaharṣa

krodhaharṣa - anger and joy

Compound type : dvandva (krodha+harṣa)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
• harṣa – joy, delight, pleasure
  noun (masculine)

Note: Dual genitive or locative. Context suggests genitive 'from anger and joy'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of prosperity, of fortune, of wealth

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, fortune, glory, beauty, auspiciousness

भाजनम् (bhājanam) - worthy recipient, vessel, share

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhājana

bhājana - recipient, container, vessel, share, worthy object

Note: Used as a predicate noun, 'is a recipient'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Introduces a second attribute of the same subject. The correlative 'saḥ' applies to both 'yaḥ' clauses.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities, in adversities

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of āpat

āpat - calamity, misfortune, adversity, distress

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

मुह्यति (muhyati) - becomes bewildered, faints, gets confused

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of muh

Present Tense

Root 'muh' in the 4th conjugation.

Root: muh (class 4)