महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-36

हितं यत्सर्वभूतानामात्मनश्च सुखावहम् ।
तत्कुर्यादीश्वरो ह्येतन्मूलं धर्मार्थसिद्धये ॥३६॥

36. hitaṁ yatsarvabhūtānāmātmanaśca sukhāvaham ,
tatkuryādīśvaro hyetanmūlaṁ dharmārthasiddhaye.

36. hitam yat sarvabhūtānām ātmanaḥ ca sukhāvaham tat
kuryāt īśvaraḥ hi etad mūlam dharmārthasiddhaye

36. A ruler should do that which is beneficial for all beings and is conducive to happiness for oneself (ātman), for this is indeed the foundation for the fulfillment of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha).

Words meanings summery:

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, good, salutary thing

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - for all beings, of all creatures

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - for oneself (ātman), of the self

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुखावहम् (sukhāvaham) - bringing happiness, conducive to happiness

• तत् (tat) - that (which is beneficial for all beings and oneself) (that)

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, one should make

• ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - a ruler, lord, master

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly

• एतद् (etad) - this (the act of doing what is beneficial for all and self) (this)

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, basis, foundation

• धर्मार्थसिद्धये (dharmārthasiddhaye) - for the accomplishment of dharma and artha, for the fulfillment of duty and prosperity

Words meanings and morphology

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, good, salutary thing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, salutary, suitable

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √dhā (to place), irregular form

Root: √dhā (class 3)

Note: Acts as the subject of the relative clause, which is the object of 'kuryāt'.

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - for all beings, of all creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound noun referring to the entirety of living beings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• bhūta – being, creature, element
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √bhū (to be)
  Root: √bhū (class 1)

Note: Genitive with a dative sense: 'for all beings'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - for oneself (ātman), of the self

(noun)

masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual essence, life principle (ātman)

Root: √at

Note: Here used with a dative sense 'for oneself'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सुखावहम् (sukhāvaham) - bringing happiness, conducive to happiness

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukhāvaha

sukhāvaha - bringing happiness, causing joy, conducive to comfort

Compound adjective (sukha + āvaha).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sukha+āvaha)

• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing
  adjective
  From prefix ā- and root √vah (to carry, bring).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'hitam'.

तत् (tat) - that (which is beneficial for all beings and oneself) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'kuryāt'.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, one should make

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √kṛ

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

Root verb from Dhātupāṭha class 8 (tanādi)

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - a ruler, lord, master

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, master, ruler, Shiva, God

From root √īś (to rule, be master of)

Root: √īś (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'kuryāt'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle

Note: Introduces the reason or justification.

एतद् (etad) - this (the act of doing what is beneficial for all and self) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of the explanatory clause.

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, basis, foundation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, basis, foundation, origin, cause

Note: Predicate noun for 'etad'.

धर्मार्थसिद्धये (dharmārthasiddhaye) - for the accomplishment of dharma and artha, for the fulfillment of duty and prosperity

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of dharmārthasiddhi

dharmārthasiddhi - attainment/accomplishment of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha)

Compound noun, where 'dharmārtha' (dharma and artha) is a dvandva compound, and 'siddhi' (accomplishment) forms a tatpuruṣa compound with it.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha+siddhi)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to support, sustain)
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, material prosperity, wealth (artha)
  noun (masculine)
• siddhi – accomplishment, success, attainment, fulfillment
  noun (feminine)
  From root √sidh (to succeed)
  Root: √sidh (class 4)

Note: Expresses purpose: 'for the sake of'.