महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-24

वाक्यं तु यो नाद्रियतेऽनुशिष्टः प्रत्याह यश्चापि नियुज्यमानः ।
प्रज्ञाभिमानी प्रतिकूलवादी त्याज्यः स तादृक्त्वरयैव भृत्यः ॥२४॥

24. vākyaṁ tu yo nādriyate'nuśiṣṭaḥ; pratyāha yaścāpi niyujyamānaḥ ,
prajñābhimānī pratikūlavādī; tyājyaḥ sa tādṛktvarayaiva bhṛtyaḥ.

24. vākyam tu yaḥ na ādriyate anuśiṣṭaḥ
pratyāha yaḥ ca api niyujyamānaḥ
prajñābhimānī pratikūlavādī
tyājyaḥ saḥ tādṛk tvarayā eva bhṛtyaḥ

24. But a servant who, when instructed, does not respect the command, and who argues back when assigned a task; one who is conceited about his own intelligence and speaks in opposition – such a servant should indeed be dismissed immediately.

Words meanings summery:

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - the command (word, speech, command, statement)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• यः (yaḥ) - that servant who (who, which, that)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• आद्रियते (ādriyate) - he does not respect (the command) (he respects, he honors, he regards)

• अनुशिष्टः (anuśiṣṭaḥ) - when instructed (by the master) (instructed, commanded, taught)

• प्रत्याह (pratyāha) - he argues back (he replies, he retorts, he speaks against)

• यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, which, that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• नियुज्यमानः (niyujyamānaḥ) - when being assigned a task (being appointed, being employed, being assigned)

• प्रज्ञाभिमानी (prajñābhimānī) - conceited about his own intelligence (conceited of one's knowledge, proud of one's intellect)

• प्रतिकूलवादी (pratikūlavādī) - speaking contrary (to instructions or the master's wishes) (speaking contrary, contradictory speaker, objector)

• त्याज्यः (tyājyaḥ) - should be dismissed (to be abandoned, to be forsaken, to be dismissed)

• सः (saḥ) - such a person (he, that, this)

• तादृक् (tādṛk) - such a (servant) (such, of that kind, like that)

• त्वरया (tvarayā) - immediately (quickly, with speed, in haste)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, emphatic particle)

• भृत्यः (bhṛtyaḥ) - a servant (servant, dependent, employee)

Words meanings and morphology

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - the command (word, speech, command, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, sentence, statement, command

from vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - that servant who (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

आद्रियते (ādriyate) - he does not respect (the command) (he respects, he honors, he regards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ādṛ

from root dṛ (to mind, attend) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: dṛ (class 1)

अनुशिष्टः (anuśiṣṭaḥ) - when instructed (by the master) (instructed, commanded, taught)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuśiṣṭa

anuśiṣṭa - instructed, taught, disciplined

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root śiṣ (to teach, instruct) with prefix anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Describes 'yaḥ'.

प्रत्याह (pratyāha) - he argues back (he replies, he retorts, he speaks against)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratyāhṛ

from root hṛ (to take) with prefixes prati- and ā-

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

नियुज्यमानः (niyujyamānaḥ) - when being assigned a task (being appointed, being employed, being assigned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyujyamāna

niyujyamāna - being appointed, being employed, being assigned

Present Passive Participle

Present Passive Participle of root yuj (to join, apply) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Describes 'yaḥ'.

प्रज्ञाभिमानी (prajñābhimānī) - conceited about his own intelligence (conceited of one's knowledge, proud of one's intellect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajñābhimānin

prajñābhimānin - conceited in knowledge, proud of one's intellect

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prajñā+abhimānin)

• prajñā – wisdom, knowledge, intelligence
  noun (feminine)
  from root jñā (to know) with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• abhimānin – proud, conceited, self-important
  adjective (masculine)
  from root man (to think) with prefixes abhi- and ā-
  Prefixes: abhi+ā
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Describes 'bhṛtyaḥ'.

प्रतिकूलवादी (pratikūlavādī) - speaking contrary (to instructions or the master's wishes) (speaking contrary, contradictory speaker, objector)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratikūlavādin

pratikūlavādin - speaking contrary, objector, adversary

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pratikūla+vādin)

• pratikūla – contrary, adverse, opposite
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: prati
• vādin – speaker, talking, asserting
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from root vad (to speak)
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Describes 'bhṛtyaḥ'.

त्याज्यः (tyājyaḥ) - should be dismissed (to be abandoned, to be forsaken, to be dismissed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyājya

tyājya - to be abandoned, to be forsaken, to be dismissed

Gerundive

Gerundive from root tyaj (to abandon)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'bhṛtyaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - such a person (he, that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तादृक् (tādṛk) - such a (servant) (such, of that kind, like that)

(adjective)

Nominative, singular of tādṛś

tādṛś - such, of that kind

Note: Used as an adjective agreeing with 'bhṛtyaḥ'.

त्वरया (tvarayā) - immediately (quickly, with speed, in haste)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tvarā

tvarā - speed, haste, quickness

from root tvar (to hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

भृत्यः (bhṛtyaḥ) - a servant (servant, dependent, employee)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependent, employee

from root bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)