महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37, verse-3

यश्चाशिष्यं शासति यश्च कुप्यते यश्चातिवेलं भजते द्विषन्तम् ।
स्त्रियश्च योऽरक्षति भद्रमस्तु ते यश्चायाच्यं याचति यश्च कत्थते ॥३॥

3. yaścāśiṣyaṁ śāsati yaśca kupyate; yaścātivelaṁ bhajate dviṣantam ,
striyaśca yo'rakṣati bhadramastu te; yaścāyācyaṁ yācati yaśca katthate.

3. yaḥ ca aśiṣyam śāsati yaḥ ca kupyate
yaḥ ca ativelam bhajate dviṣantam
striyaḥ ca yaḥ arakṣati bhadram astu te
yaḥ ca ayācyam yācati yaḥ ca katthate

3. And he who teaches what ought not to be taught; and he who becomes angry (without proper cause); and he who excessively serves an enemy; and he who does not protect women—may good fortune be with you (O Dhṛtarāṣṭra)—and he who begs for what should not be begged; and he who boasts.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• च (ca) - and

• अशिष्यम् (aśiṣyam) - improper subject to be taught (not to be taught, unfit to be taught)

• शासति (śāsati) - he teaches, he instructs, he governs

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• च (ca) - and

• कुप्यते (kupyate) - he becomes angry

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• च (ca) - and

• अतिवेलम् (ativelam) - excessively, beyond measure

• भजते (bhajate) - he serves, he resorts to

• द्विषन्तम् (dviṣantam) - an enemy, one who hates

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

• च (ca) - and

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• अरक्षति (arakṣati) - does not protect

• भद्रम् (bhadram) - welfare, good fortune, auspiciousness

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• ते (te) - to/for Dhritarashtra (to you, for you)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• च (ca) - and

• अयाच्यम् (ayācyam) - not to be begged for, what should not be asked

• याचति (yācati) - he asks, he begs

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• च (ca) - and

• कत्थते (katthate) - he boasts, he brags

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अशिष्यम् (aśiṣyam) - improper subject to be taught (not to be taught, unfit to be taught)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśiṣya

aśiṣya - not to be taught, improper, disobedient

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+śiṣya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• śiṣya – to be taught, pupil, disciple
  adjective
  Gerundive
  from root śās (to teach) + ya (kṛtya suffix)
  Root: śās (class 2)

शासति (śāsati) - he teaches, he instructs, he governs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śās

Present Active

Present, 3rd person singular active

Root: śās (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कुप्यते (kupyate) - he becomes angry

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kup

Present Middle

Present, 3rd person singular middle (Ātmanepada)

Root: kup (class 4)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अतिवेलम् (ativelam) - excessively, beyond measure

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+velā)

• ati – excessive, beyond
  indeclinable
• velā – limit, time, measure
  noun (feminine)

भजते (bhajate) - he serves, he resorts to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhaj

Present Middle

Present, 3rd person singular middle (Ātmanepada)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

द्विषन्तम् (dviṣantam) - an enemy, one who hates

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dviṣant

dviṣant - hating, hostile, enemy

Present Active Participle

Present participle from root dviṣ (to hate), masculine accusative singular

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

अरक्षति (arakṣati) - does not protect

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Present Active

Present, 3rd person singular active, negated by implied 'a' prefix (from context)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

भद्रम् (bhadram) - welfare, good fortune, auspiciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhadra

bhadra - auspicious, good, welfare, good fortune

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Imperative Active

Imperative, 3rd person singular active

Root: as (class 2)

ते (te) - to/for Dhritarashtra (to you, for you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अयाच्यम् (ayācyam) - not to be begged for, what should not be asked

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ayācya

ayācya - not to be begged for, not to be asked

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+yācya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• yācya – to be begged for, to be asked
  adjective
  Gerundive
  from root yāc (to beg) + ya (kṛtya suffix)
  Root: yāc (class 1)

याचति (yācati) - he asks, he begs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yāc

Present Active

Present, 3rd person singular active

Root: yāc (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कत्थते (katthate) - he boasts, he brags

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of katth

Present Middle

Present, 3rd person singular middle (Ātmanepada)

Root: katth (class 1)