महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-164, verse-7

अथापराह्णे तस्याह्नः प्रावात्पुण्यः समीरणः ।
पुनर्नवमिमं लोकं कुर्वन्निव सपत्नहन् ॥७॥

7. athāparāhṇe tasyāhnaḥ prāvātpuṇyaḥ samīraṇaḥ ,
punarnavamimaṁ lokaṁ kurvanniva sapatnahan.

7. atha aparāhṇe tasya ahnaḥ prāvāt puṇyaḥ samīraṇaḥ
punaḥ navam imam lokam kurvan iva sapatnahant

7. Then, in the afternoon of that day, a sacred breeze (samīraṇa) blew, O slayer of enemies, as if making this world new again.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, next, now

• अपराह्णे (aparāhṇe) - in the afternoon

• तस्य (tasya) - of that day (of that)

• अह्नः (ahnaḥ) - of the day

• प्रावात् (prāvāt) - blew

• पुण्यः (puṇyaḥ) - sacred, auspicious, pure

• समीरणः (samīraṇaḥ) - wind, breeze

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

• नवम् (navam) - new

• इमम् (imam) - this

• लोकम् (lokam) - world, realm

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - making, doing

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• सपत्नहन्त् (sapatnahant) - O slayer of enemies!

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, next, now

(indeclinable)

अपराह्णे (aparāhṇe) - in the afternoon

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aparāhṇa

aparāhṇa - afternoon, latter part of the day

Compound type : tatpurusha (apara+ahna)

• apara – latter, other, subsequent
  adjective (masculine)
• ahna – day
  noun (masculine)

तस्य (tasya) - of that day (of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Note: Refers to the day.

अह्नः (ahnaḥ) - of the day

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

Note: The base 'ahan' can be treated as neuter but the genitive form 'ahnaḥ' can also be masculine.

प्रावात् (prāvāt) - blew

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vā

Imperfect past tense form from root 'vā' with prefix 'pra'. Augment 'a-' + prefix 'pra' + root 'vā' + suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: vā (class 2)

पुण्यः (puṇyaḥ) - sacred, auspicious, pure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇya

puṇya - sacred, pure, auspicious, virtuous, merit

From root 'puṇ' (to purify, accumulate merit).

Root: puṇ (class 1)

समीरणः (samīraṇaḥ) - wind, breeze

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samīraṇa

samīraṇa - wind, breeze, air

From root 'īr' (to move, stir) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: īr (class 2)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

(indeclinable)

नवम् (navam) - new

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nava

nava - new, fresh, young, nine

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

लोकम् (lokam) - world, realm

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Although 'loka' is typically masculine, it is used here in neuter accusative singular to agree with 'navam' and 'imam'.

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - making, doing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛ

kṛ - to do, to make, to create

Present Active Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix 'śatṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

सपत्नहन्त् (sapatnahant) - O slayer of enemies!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sapatnahantṛ

sapatnahantṛ - slayer of enemies, enemy-killer

Agent Noun

Compound with 'hantṛ' (killer) from root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sapatna+hantṛ)

• sapatna – enemy, rival
  noun (masculine)
• hantṛ – killer, slayer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root han (to kill) with agent suffix tṛ
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Addresses the listener or speaker (e.g., Yudhiṣṭhira).