महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-164, verse-2

व्युषितो रजनीं चाहं कृत्वा पूर्वाह्णिकक्रियाम् ।
अपश्यं तं द्विजश्रेष्ठं दृष्टवानस्मि यं पुरा ॥२॥

2. vyuṣito rajanīṁ cāhaṁ kṛtvā pūrvāhṇikakriyām ,
apaśyaṁ taṁ dvijaśreṣṭhaṁ dṛṣṭavānasmi yaṁ purā.

2. vyuṣitaḥ rajanīm ca aham kṛtvā pūrvāhṇikakriyām |
apaśyam tam dvijaśreṣṭham dṛṣṭavān asmi yam purā

2. And having passed the night and performed my morning rituals, I saw that best of brahmins whom I had previously seen.

Words meanings summery:

• व्युषितः (vyuṣitaḥ) - having spent (the night) (having passed, having spent (the night))

• रजनीम् (rajanīm) - night

• च (ca) - and

• अहम् (aham) - I (Arjuna) (I)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• पूर्वाह्णिकक्रियाम् (pūrvāhṇikakriyām) - morning rituals/duties

• अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw, I beheld

• तम् (tam) - that (best of brahmins) (that, him)

• द्विजश्रेष्ठम् (dvijaśreṣṭham) - that best of brahmins (sage Vyāsa or a similar revered figure) (best of brahmins, best of the twice-born)

• दृष्टवान् (dṛṣṭavān) - having seen, who has seen

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• यम् (yam) - whom (the best of brahmins) (whom)

• पुरा (purā) - previously, formerly, before

Words meanings and morphology

व्युषितः (vyuṣitaḥ) - having spent (the night) (having passed, having spent (the night))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyuṣita

vyuṣita - having spent, passed (referring to time, esp. night)

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √vas (to dwell/spend) with prefixes vi-ud

Prefixes: vi+ud

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'aham' (I).

रजनीम् (rajanīm) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

Root: raj

Note: Object of 'vyuṣitaḥ' (as the time spent).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I (Arjuna) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Subject of 'apaśyam'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √kṛ (to do, to make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पूर्वाह्णिकक्रियाम् (pūrvāhṇikakriyām) - morning rituals/duties

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrvāhṇikakriyā

pūrvāhṇikakriyā - morning rituals, forenoon duties

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrvāhṇika+kriyā)

• pūrvāhṇika – relating to the forenoon, morning
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from pūrvāhṇa (forenoon)
• kriyā – action, ritual, performance
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṛ

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw, I beheld

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √dṛś

Imperfect Active

1st person singular Imperfect active of √dṛś (to see), with stem 'paśya'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that (best of brahmins) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he

Masculine accusative singular of 'tad'

Note: Refers to 'dvijaśreṣṭham'.

द्विजश्रेष्ठम् (dvijaśreṣṭham) - that best of brahmins (sage Vyāsa or a similar revered figure) (best of brahmins, best of the twice-born)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvijaśreṣṭha

dvijaśreṣṭha - best of the twice-born, best of brahmins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+śreṣṭha)

• dvija – twice-born (a brahmin, kṣatriya, or vaiśya), brahmin
  noun (masculine)
  Literally 'twice-born', commonly refers to a brahmin, kṣatriya, or vaiśya. In this context, likely a brahmin or sage.
  Prefix: dvi
  Root: jan
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy)

Note: Object of 'apaśyam'.

दृष्टवान् (dṛṣṭavān) - having seen, who has seen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭavat

dṛṣṭavat - having seen, who has seen

Past Active Participle

Past Active Participle of √dṛś (to see) with the suffix -vat

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used with 'asmi' to form a compound verb phrase meaning 'I have seen'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √as

Present Active

1st person singular Present active of √as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb forming a perfect construction with 'dṛṣṭavān'.

यम् (yam) - whom (the best of brahmins) (whom)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Masculine accusative singular of 'yad'

Note: Refers back to 'dvijaśreṣṭham'.

पुरा (purā) - previously, formerly, before

(indeclinable)