महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-164, verse-18

गृहीतास्त्रस्ततो देवैरनुज्ञातोऽस्मि भारत ।
अथ देवा ययुः सर्वे यथागतमरिंदम ॥१८॥

18. gṛhītāstrastato devairanujñāto'smi bhārata ,
atha devā yayuḥ sarve yathāgatamariṁdama.

18. gṛhītāstraḥ tataḥ devaiḥ anujñātaḥ asmi bhārata
atha devāḥ yayuḥ sarve yathā āgatam ariṃdama

18. Then, having received the weapons, O Bhārata, I was given leave by the gods. After that, all the gods departed as they had arrived, O vanquisher of foes.

Words meanings summery:

• गृहीतास्त्रः (gṛhītāstraḥ) - (Arjuna) who had received the weapons (one who has received weapons)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

• अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - permitted, dismissed, given leave

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing the listener (e.g., Sañjaya or Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (O descendant of Bharata)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as

• आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come

• अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - Addressing the listener (e.g., Sañjaya or Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (O subduer of enemies, O vanquisher of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

गृहीतास्त्रः (gṛhītāstraḥ) - (Arjuna) who had received the weapons (one who has received weapons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhītāstra

gṛhīta-astra - having taken up or received a weapon

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gṛhīta+astra)

• gṛhīta – taken, received
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √grah (to take, seize)
  Root: grah (class 9)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the speaker (Arjuna).

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Note: Agent in passive construction ('anujñātaḥ asmi').

अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - permitted, dismissed, given leave

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anujñāta

anu-jñāta - permitted, allowed, dismissed, given leave

Past Passive Participle

From anu-√jñā (to permit, allow)

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Predicative adjective with 'asmi'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense, 1st person singular, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used as a copula.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing the listener (e.g., Sañjaya or Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

Patronymic from Bharata

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a new sequence of events.

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Note: Subject of 'yayuḥ'.

ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice

Root: yā (class 2)

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'devāḥ'.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the compound 'yathāgatam'.

आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āgata

ā-gata - come, arrived, returned

Past Passive Participle

From ā-√gam (to come, arrive)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially with 'yathā' meaning 'as they had come'.

अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - Addressing the listener (e.g., Sañjaya or Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (O subduer of enemies, O vanquisher of foes)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arindama

ariṁ-dama - subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes

Compound of ari (enemy) and dama (subduer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – subduing, taming, subduer
  noun (masculine)
  From √dam (to tame, subdue)
  Root: dam (class 4)