महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-164, verse-28

इन्द्र उवाच ।
परीक्षार्थं मयैतत्ते वाक्यमुक्तं धनंजय ।
ममात्मजस्य वचनं सूपपन्नमिदं तव ॥२८॥

28. indra uvāca ,
parīkṣārthaṁ mayaitatte vākyamuktaṁ dhanaṁjaya ,
mamātmajasya vacanaṁ sūpapannamidaṁ tava.

28. indraḥ uvāca parīkṣārtham mayā etat te vākyam uktam
dhanaṃjaya mama ātmajasya vacanam su upapannam idam tava

28. Indra said, "O Dhanañjaya, these words were spoken by me to you for the purpose of testing. This statement of yours is indeed most fitting for my son."

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra, the king of gods

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• परीक्षार्थम् (parīkṣārtham) - for the purpose of testing, for examination

• मया (mayā) - by me

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• ते (te) - to you, for you, your

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said, declared

• धनंजय (dhanaṁjaya) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth, Arjuna)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• आत्मजस्य (ātmajasya) - of my son (Arjuna) (of the son, of the self-born)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• सु (su) - well, good, easily

• उपपन्नम् (upapannam) - well-suited, proper, appropriate, furnished

• इदम् (idam) - this

• तव (tava) - your, of you

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra, the king of gods

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, the chief of the gods, a god of rain and thunder

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root vac, perfect 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

परीक्षार्थम् (parīkṣārtham) - for the purpose of testing, for examination

(indeclinable)

compound of parīkṣā (test) and artha (purpose), used adverbially

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parīkṣā+artha)

• parīkṣā – test, examination, trial
  noun (feminine)
  derived from root īkṣ with upasarga pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as an adverb.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'uktam'.

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

ते (te) - to you, for you, your

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Here used in dative sense 'to you'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of the passive construction.

उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, declared, told

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

धनंजय (dhanaṁjaya) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, fire, a name of Arjuna

compound of dhana (wealth) and jaya (conqueror)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, triumph, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: A name for Arjuna.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Possessive, refers to Indra.

आत्मजस्य (ātmajasya) - of my son (Arjuna) (of the son, of the self-born)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, self-born, born from oneself

compound of ātman (self) and ja (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from root jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Arjuna, as Indra considers him his son (born of his essence).

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, word, statement, declaration

derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सु (su) - well, good, easily

(indeclinable)

Note: Precedes 'upapannam' as an intensifier/qualifier.

उपपन्नम् (upapannam) - well-suited, proper, appropriate, furnished

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upapanna

upapanna - well-suited, proper, appropriate, furnished, endowed with, brought about

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root pad (to go/fall) with upasarga upa

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Possessive, refers to Arjuna.