महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-164, verse-31

अर्जुन उवाच ।
एवमुक्त्वा तु मां शक्रस्तत्रैवान्तरधीयत ।
अथापश्यं हरियुजं रथमैन्द्रमुपस्थितम् ।
दिव्यं मायामयं पुण्यं यत्तं मातलिना नृप ॥३१॥

31. arjuna uvāca ,
evamuktvā tu māṁ śakrastatraivāntaradhīyata ,
athāpaśyaṁ hariyujaṁ rathamaindramupasthitam ,
divyaṁ māyāmayaṁ puṇyaṁ yattaṁ mātalinā nṛpa.

31. arjuna uvāca evam uktvā tu mām śakraḥ
tatra eva antaradhīyata atha apaśyam
hariyujam ratham aindram upasthitam divyam
māyāmayam puṇyam yattam mātalinā nṛpa

31. Arjuna said: 'Having spoken thus to me, Śakra (śakra) disappeared right there. Then, O king, I saw the divine chariot of Indra (aindra), yoked with bay horses, standing nearby. It was wondrous (māyāmaya) and sacred (puṇya), and it was guided by Mātali.'

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus (referring to what was just spoken) (thus, in this manner)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• माम् (mām) - me

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (śakra) (Śakra, Indra)

• तत्र (tatra) - right there (where he had spoken) (there, in that place)

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphatic) (just, only, indeed)

• अन्तरधीयत (antaradhīyata) - disappeared

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw

• हरियुजम् (hariyujam) - yoked with bay (greenish-yellow) horses (yoked with bay horses)

• रथम् (ratham) - Indra's chariot (chariot)

• ऐन्द्रम् (aindram) - Indra's (chariot) (belonging to Indra, Indra's)

• उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - standing nearby (standing near, present, arrived)

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, celestial

• मायामयम् (māyāmayam) - wondrous (māyāmaya) (implying magical or supernatural creation) (illusory, consisting of illusion (māyā), wondrous)

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - sacred (puṇya) (sacred, meritorious, pure)

• यत्तम् (yattam) - guided (controlled, restrained, guided)

• मातलिना (mātalinā) - by Mātali (Indra's charioteer)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear, name of a Pāṇḍava prince

Root: ṛj

Note: The speaker of this verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus (referring to what was just spoken) (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā, from root vac (to speak), past passive participle is ukta, so absolutive is uktvā.

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for contrast or emphasis

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (śakra) (Śakra, Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - mighty, powerful, name of Indra

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The subject of 'antaradhīyata'.

तत्र (tatra) - right there (where he had spoken) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb from tad

एव (eva) - indeed (emphatic) (just, only, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

अन्तरधीयत (antaradhīyata) - disappeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of antar-dhā

Imperfect tense

3rd person singular, middle voice. Root 'dhā' (to place) with prefix 'antar' (within, among)

Prefix: antar

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The prefix 'antar' indicates 'within' or 'hidden'.

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction or particle indicating sequence

अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect tense

1st person singular, active voice. Root 'dṛś' (to see) forms present stem 'paśya'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The subject 'I' is implied (Arjuna).

हरियुजम् (hariyujam) - yoked with bay (greenish-yellow) horses (yoked with bay horses)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hariyuj

hariyuj - yoked with bay steeds, drawn by bay horses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hari+yuj)

• hari – bay, tawny, greenish-yellow, name of a color
  adjective (masculine)
• yuj – yoked, joined, connected
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yuj' (to yoke, join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'ratham'.

रथम् (ratham) - Indra's chariot (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ramh

Note: Object of 'apaśyam'.

ऐन्द्रम् (aindram) - Indra's (chariot) (belonging to Indra, Indra's)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aindra

aindra - relating to Indra, belonging to Indra

Formed from Indra with aṇ suffix

Note: Modifies 'ratham'.

उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - standing nearby (standing near, present, arrived)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upasthita

upasthita - standing near, present, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From 'upa' (near) + root 'sthā' (to stand) with suffix -ta

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ratham'.

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, celestial

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'ratham'.

मायामयम् (māyāmayam) - wondrous (māyāmaya) (implying magical or supernatural creation) (illusory, consisting of illusion (māyā), wondrous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of māyāmaya

māyāmaya - consisting of illusion (māyā), illusory, unreal, magical, wondrous

Formed from 'māyā' (illusion) and 'maya' (consisting of)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (māyā+maya)

• māyā – illusion, magic, supernatural power
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mā
• maya – consisting of, made of, full of
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix 'maya' meaning 'made of' or 'consisting of'

Note: Modifies 'ratham'.

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - sacred (puṇya) (sacred, meritorious, pure)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puṇya

puṇya - sacred, pure, auspicious, meritorious, righteous

Root: puṇ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ratham'.

यत्तम् (yattam) - guided (controlled, restrained, guided)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatta

yatta - controlled, restrained, guided

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yam' (to control, restrain) with prefix 'ā' (implying 'well-')

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ratham'.

मातलिना (mātalinā) - by Mātali (Indra's charioteer)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mātali

mātali - Mātali (name of Indra's charioteer)

Note: Agent of 'yattam'.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) + 'pa' (protector)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Stem of 'nṛ' in compounds
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'pā' (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: The address for Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied listener of the narration).