महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-164, verse-20

पुरैवागमनादस्माद्वेदाहं त्वां धनंजय ।
अतः परं त्वहं वै त्वां दर्शये भरतर्षभ ॥२०॥

20. puraivāgamanādasmādvedāhaṁ tvāṁ dhanaṁjaya ,
ataḥ paraṁ tvahaṁ vai tvāṁ darśaye bharatarṣabha.

20. purā eva āgamanāt asmāt veda aham tvām dhanaṃjaya
ataḥ param tu aham vai tvām darśaye bharatarṣabha

20. Even before your arrival here, O Dhanañjaya, I already knew you. Therefore, O chief of the Bhāratas, I will indeed show you more now.

Words meanings summery:

• पुरा (purā) - before (formerly, before, in ancient times)

• एव (eva) - even (even, indeed, only)

• आगमनात् (āgamanāt) - from your arrival (from the coming, from the arrival)

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this (arrival) (from this)

• वेद (veda) - I know (I know, he knows)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• धनंजय (dhanaṁjaya) - Addressing Arjuna. (O conqueror of wealth)

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this

• परम् (param) - more, further (afterwards, further, more, supreme)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, indeed)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• दर्शये (darśaye) - I will show

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Arjuna. (O best of the Bhāratas, O chief of the Bhāratas)

Words meanings and morphology

पुरा (purā) - before (formerly, before, in ancient times)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms sandhi with 'eva'.

एव (eva) - even (even, indeed, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms sandhi with 'purā'.

आगमनात् (āgamanāt) - from your arrival (from the coming, from the arrival)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of āgamana

ā-gamana - coming, arrival, approach

verbal noun

From ā-√gam (to come, arrive)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Connected to 'purā'.

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this (arrival) (from this)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'āgamanāt'.

वेद (veda) - I know (I know, he knows)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present perfect (liṭ) of vid

Perfect tense (with present meaning), 1st or 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: With 'aham', it is 1st person.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Subject of 'veda'.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'veda'.

धनंजय (dhanaṁjaya) - Addressing Arjuna. (O conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁ-jaya - conqueror of wealth; epithet of Arjuna

Compound of dhana (wealth) + jaya (victory/conqueror)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - more, further (afterwards, further, more, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, next, higher, supreme, further

Note: Used adverbially here meaning 'beyond this' or 'more'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Subject of 'darśaye'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'darśaye'.

दर्शये (darśaye) - I will show

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of dṛś (causative)

causative

Future tense, 1st person singular, active voice (from causative stem)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Causative of 'dṛś'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Arjuna. (O best of the Bhāratas, O chief of the Bhāratas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharata-ṛṣabha - best of the Bharatas, chief of the Bharatas

Compound of Bharata (name of an ancient king, and his descendants) + ṛṣabha (bull, best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata (an ancient king); a warrior
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)