महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-158, verse-56

धर्षणां कृतवानेतां पश्यतस्ते धनेश्वर ।
तस्मात्सहैभिः सैन्यैस्ते वधं प्राप्स्यति मानुषात् ॥५६॥

56. dharṣaṇāṁ kṛtavānetāṁ paśyataste dhaneśvara ,
tasmātsahaibhiḥ sainyaiste vadhaṁ prāpsyati mānuṣāt.

56. dharṣaṇām kṛtavān etām paśyataḥ te dhaneśvara | tasmāt
saha ebhiḥ sainyaiḥ te vadham prāpsyati mānuṣāt

56. O lord of wealth (dhaneśvara), because he committed this offense while you were watching, therefore he, along with your armies, will meet his death at the hands of a human.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्षणाम् (dharṣaṇām) - insult, outrage, assault

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he has done, he has performed

• एताम् (etām) - this

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - In your presence, while you (Kubera) were watching. (of the seeing one, while seeing, in the presence of)

• ते (te) - your, to you, for you

• धनेश्वर (dhaneśvara) - Addressing Kubera. (O lord of wealth, O Kubera)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• एभिः (ebhiḥ) - with these

• सैन्यैः (sainyaiḥ) - with armies, with troops

• ते (te) - your, to you, for you

• वधम् (vadham) - death, slaughter, killing

• प्राप्स्यति (prāpsyati) - he will obtain, he will reach, he will meet

• मानुषात् (mānuṣāt) - from a human, by a human

Words meanings and morphology

धर्षणाम् (dharṣaṇām) - insult, outrage, assault

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharṣaṇā

dharṣaṇā - insult, outrage, assault, violence

Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of kṛtavān.

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he has done, he has performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, performed

Past Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -vat.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a finite verb. Subject is implied 'eṣaḥ' (Maṇimān).

एताम् (etām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Agrees with dharṣaṇām.

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - In your presence, while you (Kubera) were watching. (of the seeing one, while seeing, in the presence of)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, watching

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dṛś (to see), but uses 'paśy' as stem in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used as a genitive absolute, 'while you were seeing'.

ते (te) - your, to you, for you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Note: Agrees with paśyataḥ, 'of you seeing'.

धनेश्वर (dhaneśvara) - Addressing Kubera. (O lord of wealth, O Kubera)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhaneśvara

dhaneśvara - lord of wealth, Kubera (a specific deity)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dhana+īśvara)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• īśvara – lord, master, god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Null vocative ending.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions as an indeclinable 'therefore'.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition governing instrumental.

एभिः (ebhiḥ) - with these

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Agrees with sainyaiḥ.

सैन्यैः (sainyaiḥ) - with armies, with troops

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, troops, military

Note: Governed by saha.

ते (te) - your, to you, for you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Note: 'Your' armies.

वधम् (vadham) - death, slaughter, killing

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - death, killing, slaughter, destruction

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of prāpsyati.

प्राप्स्यति (prāpsyati) - he will obtain, he will reach, he will meet

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of prāp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Subject is 'eṣaḥ' (Maṇimān).

मानुषात् (mānuṣāt) - from a human, by a human

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, man, pertaining to man

Note: Indicates the agent of death.