महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-158, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
श्रुत्वा बहुविधैः शब्दैर्नाद्यमाना गिरेर्गुहाः ।
अजातशत्रुः कौन्तेयो माद्रीपुत्रावुभावपि ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
śrutvā bahuvidhaiḥ śabdairnādyamānā girerguhāḥ ,
ajātaśatruḥ kaunteyo mādrīputrāvubhāvapi.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca śrutvā bahu-vidhaiḥ śabdaiḥ nādyamānāḥ
gireḥ guhāḥ ajāta-śatruḥ kaunteyaḥ mādrī-putrau ubhau api

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Having heard the mountain caves resonating with various kinds of sounds, Ajātaśatru (Yudhiṣṭhira) and the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva) also...

1. וַיְשַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, כששמע את מערות ההר מהדהדות בקולות רבים ושונים, אַג׳ָאטַשַׁטְרוּ בן קוּנְטִי ושני בני מָאדְרִי,

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśaṃpāyana said. (he said, he spoke)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - Yudhiṣṭhira and the Mādrīputras having heard. (having heard, having listened)

• बहु-विधैः (bahu-vidhaiḥ) - of many kinds, various

• शब्दैः (śabdaiḥ) - by sounds, by noises

• नाद्यमानाः (nādyamānāḥ) - Referring to the caves echoing. (being made to resound, being filled with noise)

• गिरेः (gireḥ) - of the mountain

• गुहाः (guhāḥ) - caves, grottoes

• अजात-शत्रुः (ajāta-śatruḥ) - A title for King Yudhiṣṭhira. (one whose enemies are not born, having no enemies)

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, son of Kuntī (Pandu's first wife). (son of Kuntī)

• माद्री-पुत्रौ (mādrī-putrau) - Nakula and Sahadeva. (the two sons of Mādrī)

• उभौ (ubhau) - Refers to both Nakula and Sahadeva. (both)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that Yudhiṣṭhira and the Mādrīputras also heard. (also, even, too)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (a disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśaṃpāyana said. (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect active

Perfect active 3rd person singular from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - Yudhiṣṭhira and the Mādrīputras having heard. (having heard, having listened)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root śru.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Its subject is 'ajāta-śatruḥ' and 'mādrī-putrau'.

बहु-विधैः (bahu-vidhaiḥ) - of many kinds, various

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu-vidha

bahu-vidha - various, of many sorts, manifold

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'śabdaiḥ'.

शब्दैः (śabdaiḥ) - by sounds, by noises

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word

Note: Agent by which the caves are made to resound.

नाद्यमानाः (nādyamānāḥ) - Referring to the caves echoing. (being made to resound, being filled with noise)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nādayamāna

nādayamāna - causing to sound, making resound

Present Middle Participle (causative)

Derived from causative of root nad (to sound) + śānac suffix.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'guhāḥ'.

गिरेः (gireḥ) - of the mountain

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Root: gṝ (class 6)

Note: Possessive, refers to 'guhāḥ'.

गुहाः (guhāḥ) - caves, grottoes

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of guhā

guhā - cave, grotto, cavern

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā' (implicitly as part of the resonating sound).

अजात-शत्रुः (ajāta-śatruḥ) - A title for King Yudhiṣṭhira. (one whose enemies are not born, having no enemies)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajāta-śatru

ajāta-śatru - one who has no enemies, unconquered, a title for Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ajāta+śatru)

• ajāta – unborn, not born, not produced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From a- (negation) + jāta (from root jan to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śatru – enemy, foe, rival
  noun (masculine)

Note: One of the subjects of the implied main verb (which is omitted in this incomplete verse).

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, son of Kuntī (Pandu's first wife). (son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī (e.g., Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhima, Arjuna)

Derived from kuntī with ḍhak suffix.

Note: In apposition to 'ajāta-śatruḥ'.

माद्री-पुत्रौ (mādrī-putrau) - Nakula and Sahadeva. (the two sons of Mādrī)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mādrī-putra

mādrī-putra - son of Mādrī (Nakula or Sahadeva)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Mādrī (second wife of Pāṇḍu, mother of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Nakula and Sahadeva.

उभौ (ubhau) - Refers to both Nakula and Sahadeva. (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubhaya

ubhaya - both

Note: Agrees with 'mādrī-putrau'.

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that Yudhiṣṭhira and the Mādrīputras also heard. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

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