महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-158, verse-49

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं शप्तोऽसि भगवन्नगस्त्येन महात्मना ।
श्रोतुमिच्छाम्यहं देव तवैतच्छापकारणम् ॥४९॥

49. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ śapto'si bhagavannagastyena mahātmanā ,
śrotumicchāmyahaṁ deva tavaitacchāpakāraṇam.

49. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham śaptaḥ asi bhagavan agastyena
mahā-ātmanā śrotum icchāmi aham deva tava etat śāpakāraṇam

49. Yudhiṣṭhira said, "O revered one (bhagavan), how were you cursed by the magnanimous (mahātmanā) Agastya? O divine one, I wish to hear the reason for this curse upon you."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava) (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - were cursed (cursed)

• असि (asi) - you are

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one (bhagavan) (O revered one, O worshipful one)

• अगस्त्येन (agastyena) - by the sage Agastya (by Agastya)

• महा-आत्मना (mahā-ātmanā) - by the magnanimous (mahātmanā) (Agastya) (by the magnanimous one, by the great-souled)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, in order to hear)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Yudhiṣṭhira) (I)

• देव (deva) - O divine one (referring to Nahuṣa/yakṣa) (O god, O divine one)

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• एतत् (etat) - this (reason) (this, that)

• शापकारणम् (śāpakāraṇam) - the reason for this curse (cause of the curse, reason for the curse)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava) (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – steady, firm
  adjective (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

शप्तः (śaptaḥ) - were cursed (cursed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śapta

śapta - cursed

Past Passive Participle

From √śap (to curse).

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle, refers to the addressee (Nahuṣa/yakṣa).

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one (bhagavan) (O revered one, O worshipful one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - revered, glorious, divine; the worshipful one, Lord

From bhaga (fortune, excellence) + matup suffix.

Note: Refers to the yakṣa (Nahuṣa).

अगस्त्येन (agastyena) - by the sage Agastya (by Agastya)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of agastya

agastya - Agastya (name of a celebrated Vedic rishi)

महा-आत्मना (mahā-ātmanā) - by the magnanimous (mahātmanā) (Agastya) (by the magnanimous one, by the great-souled)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, the individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'agastyena'.

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, in order to hear)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

From √śru (to hear) with suffix '-tum'.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

अहम् (aham) - I (Yudhiṣṭhira) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

देव (deva) - O divine one (referring to Nahuṣa/yakṣa) (O god, O divine one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

एतत् (etat) - this (reason) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to 'śāpakāraṇam'.

शापकारणम् (śāpakāraṇam) - the reason for this curse (cause of the curse, reason for the curse)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śāpakāraṇa

śāpakāraṇa - cause of a curse, reason for a curse

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (śāpa+kāraṇa)

• śāpa – curse
  noun (masculine)
  From √śap (to curse).
  Root: śap (class 1)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason
  noun (neuter)
  From √kṛ (to do, make) + ana.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)