महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-51, verse-37

ततः स राजा मेधावी विवक्षू प्रेक्ष्य तावुभौ ।
प्रोवाच वदतां श्रेष्ठो वचनं राजसत्तमः ॥३७॥

37. tataḥ sa rājā medhāvī vivakṣū prekṣya tāvubhau ,
provāca vadatāṁ śreṣṭho vacanaṁ rājasattamaḥ.

37. tataḥ saḥ rājā medhāvī vivakṣū prekṣya tau ubhau
provāca vadatām śreṣṭhaḥ vacanam rājasattamaḥ

37. Then, that wise king, the best among speakers and the best of rulers, seeing those two desirous of speaking, uttered these words.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

• मेधावी (medhāvī) - wise (wise, intelligent, sagacious)

• विवक्षू (vivakṣū) - desirous of speaking (referring to the two heroes) (desirous of speaking, intending to speak)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen (having seen, observing)

• तौ (tau) - those two (referring to Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa) (those two)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa) (both)

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, uttered (spoke, said, uttered)

• वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers (of those who speak, among speakers)

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - the best (best, most excellent, supreme)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech (word, speech, saying)

• राजसत्तमः (rājasattamaḥ) - the best of rulers (best of kings, excellent king)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base 'tad' with suffix 'tas'

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

मेधावी (medhāvī) - wise (wise, intelligent, sagacious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of medhāvin

medhāvin - intelligent, wise, sagacious, possessing wisdom

From 'medhā' (intelligence) + 'vin' (possessive suffix)

विवक्षू (vivakṣū) - desirous of speaking (referring to the two heroes) (desirous of speaking, intending to speak)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vivakṣu

vivakṣu - desirous of speaking, wishing to speak

Desiderative participle

Desiderative form of the root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen (having seen, observing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'pra' and suffix 'lyap'

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तौ (tau) - those two (referring to Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उभौ (ubhau) - both (Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa) (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, uttered (spoke, said, uttered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of pravac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (to speak) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

वदताम् (vadatām) - among speakers (of those who speak, among speakers)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, telling, a speaker

Present Active Participle

From root 'vad' (to speak) with 'śatṛ' suffix

Root: vad (class 1)

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - the best (best, most excellent, supreme)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, chief, excellent, most auspicious

Superlative of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy)

वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying, sentence

From root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

राजसत्तमः (rājasattamaḥ) - the best of rulers (best of kings, excellent king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājasattama

rājasattama - best of kings, most excellent king

Compound of 'rājan' and 'sattama'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+sattama)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix 'tama' added to 'sat' (good)