महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-133, verse-62

ते चेत्कालकृतोद्योगात्संभवन्तीह मानुषाः ।
निर्होमा निर्वषट्कारास्ते भवन्ति नराधमाः ॥६२॥

62. te cetkālakṛtodyogātsaṁbhavantīha mānuṣāḥ ,
nirhomā nirvaṣaṭkārāste bhavanti narādhamāḥ.

62. te cet kālakṛtodyogāt saṃbhavanti iha mānuṣāḥ
| nirhomāḥ nirvaṣaṭkārāḥ te bhavanti narādhamāḥ

62. cet te kālakṛtodyogāt iha mānuṣāḥ saṃbhavanti
te nirhomāḥ nirvaṣaṭkārāḥ narādhamāḥ bhavanti

62. If they are born as humans in this world due to actions performed in time, then those who neglect fire rituals and sacred invocations become the lowest among men.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they (those, they)

• चेत् (cet) - if (if, supposing that)

• कालकृतोद्योगात् (kālakṛtodyogāt) - due to actions performed in time (due to the exertion made by time, due to activities done in time)

• संभवन्ति (saṁbhavanti) - they are born (as) (they are born, they arise, they come into existence)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

• मानुषाः (mānuṣāḥ) - humans (humans, human beings)

• निर्होमाः (nirhomāḥ) - those who neglect fire rituals (those without fire rituals, those who do not perform homa)

• निर्वषट्काराः (nirvaṣaṭkārāḥ) - without sacred invocations (those without the vaṣaṭkāra (sacred exclamation), those who do not perform vaṣaṭkāra)

• ते (te) - they (those, they)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are, they come into being)

• नराधमाः (narādhamāḥ) - the lowest among men (lowest among men, meanest of men)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they (those, they)

(demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the 'brahmarākṣasas' from the previous verse.

चेत् (cet) - if (if, supposing that)

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

कालकृतोद्योगात् (kālakṛtodyogāt) - due to actions performed in time (due to the exertion made by time, due to activities done in time)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kālakṛtodyoga

kālakṛtodyoga - exertion by time, effort made by time; actions performed in time

kāla (time) + kṛta (done/made) + udyoga (exertion/effort).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+kṛta+udyoga)

• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)
• kṛta – done, made, performed, created
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, to make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• udyoga – exertion, effort, endeavor, activity
  noun (masculine)
  From ud-yuj (to exert)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Indicates cause or origin.

संभवन्ति (saṁbhavanti) - they are born (as) (they are born, they arise, they come into existence)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of saṃbhū

Present active indicative

3rd person plural, parasmaipada

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

मानुषाः (mānuṣāḥ) - humans (humans, human beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, pertaining to man, human being

derived from man (man)

Note: Predicate nominative for `saṃbhavanti`.

निर्होमाः (nirhomāḥ) - those who neglect fire rituals (those without fire rituals, those who do not perform homa)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirhoma

nirhoma - without homa, not performing homa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+homa)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating absence or negation.
• homa – Vedic fire ritual, oblation into fire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Adjective describing 'te'.

निर्वषट्काराः (nirvaṣaṭkārāḥ) - without sacred invocations (those without the vaṣaṭkāra (sacred exclamation), those who do not perform vaṣaṭkāra)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirvaṣaṭkāra

nirvaṣaṭkāra - without the exclamation 'vaṣaṭ', not performing vaṣaṭkāra

nis (without) + vaṣaṭkāra (the utterance of vaṣaṭ)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+vaṣaṭkāra)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating absence or negation.
• vaṣaṭkāra – the exclamation 'vaṣaṭ' at the end of an oblation
  noun (masculine)
  From vaṣaṭ (exclamation) + kāra (making)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjective describing 'te'.

ते (te) - they (those, they)

(demonstrative pronoun)

Note: The subject of the second clause.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are, they come into being)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Present active indicative

3rd person plural, parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

नराधमाः (narādhamāḥ) - the lowest among men (lowest among men, meanest of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhama

narādhama - lowest of men, meanest of men, despicable man

nara (man) + adhama (lowest)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhama)

• nara – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhama – lowest, vilest, meanest, inferior
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative with `bhavanti`.