महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-133, verse-1

उमोवाच ।
किंशीलाः किंसमाचाराः पुरुषाः कैश्च कर्मभिः ।
स्वर्गं समभिपद्यन्ते संप्रदानेन केन वा ॥१॥

1. umovāca ,
kiṁśīlāḥ kiṁsamācārāḥ puruṣāḥ kaiśca karmabhiḥ ,
svargaṁ samabhipadyante saṁpradānena kena vā.

1. umā uvāca kim-śīlāḥ kim-samācārāḥ puruṣāḥ kaiḥ ca
karmabhiḥ svargam samabhipadyante sampradānena kena vā

1. umā uvāca puruṣāḥ kim-śīlāḥ kim-samācārāḥ kaiḥ ca
karmabhiḥ kena vā sampradānena svargam samabhipadyante

1. Uma said: 'What kind of character and conduct do persons possess, and by what actions (karma) do they attain heaven, or by what kind of donation?'

Words meanings summery:

• उमा (umā) - Uma (Uma (name of goddess Parvati))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• किम्-शीलाः (kim-śīlāḥ) - of what character? (of what character? what kind of disposition?)

• किम्-समाचाराः (kim-samācārāḥ) - of what conduct? (of what conduct? what kind of behavior?)

• पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - persons (men, persons, human beings (puruṣa))

• कैः (kaiḥ) - by what? (by what? by whom?)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by what actions (karma) (by actions, by deeds (karma))

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven (heaven, heavenly abode)

• समभिपद्यन्ते (samabhipadyante) - do they attain (they attain, they reach)

• सम्प्रदानेन (sampradānena) - by what kind of donation (by donation, by giving)

• केन (kena) - by what (by what? by whom?)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

Words meanings and morphology

उमा (umā) - Uma (Uma (name of goddess Parvati))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of umā

umā - Uma (name of goddess Parvati, consort of Shiva)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect Tense, Active Voice (parasmaipada), 3rd Person Singular

Root 'vac' (class 2) forming a perfect tense. Irregular past tense form.

Root: vac (class 2)

किम्-शीलाः (kim-śīlāḥ) - of what character? (of what character? what kind of disposition?)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kimśīla

kimśīla - of what character/nature/disposition

Compound of 'kim' (what) and 'śīla' (character, disposition).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kim+śīla)

• kim – what? which? who?
  pronoun (neuter)
• śīla – character, disposition, nature, habit, virtue
  noun (neuter)
  From √śī (to lie down, to rest).
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Interrogative adjective modifying `puruṣāḥ`.

किम्-समाचाराः (kim-samācārāḥ) - of what conduct? (of what conduct? what kind of behavior?)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kimsamācāra

kimsamācāra - of what conduct/behavior

Compound of 'kim' (what) and 'samācāra' (conduct, behavior).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kim+samācāra)

• kim – what? which? who?
  pronoun (neuter)
• samācāra – conduct, behavior, custom
  noun (masculine)
  From √car (to move, to walk) with upasargas 'sam' and 'ā'.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Interrogative adjective modifying `puruṣāḥ`.

पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - persons (men, persons, human beings (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, cosmic person (puruṣa)

Root: pṛ

Note: Subject of `samabhipadyante`.

कैः (kaiḥ) - by what? (by what? by whom?)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kim

kim - what? which? who?

Note: Modifies `karmabhiḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `kaiḥ` to `karmabhiḥ`.

कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by what actions (karma) (by actions, by deeds (karma))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, (karma)

From √kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates the means of attaining heaven.

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven (heaven, heavenly abode)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, heavenly abode

From 'svar' (heaven) + 'ga' (going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (svar+ga)

• svar – heaven, light
  indeclinable
• ga – going, moving, leading to
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun suffix
  From √gam (to go) + 'ḍa' suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of `samabhipadyante`.

समभिपद्यन्ते (samabhipadyante) - do they attain (they attain, they reach)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of √pad

Present Tense, Middle Voice (ātmanepada), 3rd Person Plural

Root 'pad' (class 4) with upasargas 'sam' and 'abhi'.

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The verb for the subject `puruṣāḥ`.

सम्प्रदानेन (sampradānena) - by what kind of donation (by donation, by giving)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sampradāna

sampradāna - donation, giving, presentation

From √dā (to give) with upasargas 'sam' and 'pra'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Follows `kena` as the means.

केन (kena) - by what (by what? by whom?)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? which? who?

Note: Modifies `sampradānena`.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `karmabhiḥ` and `sampradānena`.