महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-133, verse-44

केन कर्मविपाकेन प्रज्ञावान्पुरुषो भवेत् ।
अल्पप्रज्ञो विरूपाक्ष कथं भवति मानवः ।
एतं मे संशयं छिन्द्धि सर्वधर्मविदां वर ॥४४॥

44. kena karmavipākena prajñāvānpuruṣo bhavet ,
alpaprajño virūpākṣa kathaṁ bhavati mānavaḥ ,
etaṁ me saṁśayaṁ chinddhi sarvadharmavidāṁ vara.

44. kena karma-vipākena prajñāvān puruṣaḥ
bhavet alpaprajñaḥ virūpākṣa
katham bhavati mānavaḥ etam me saṃśayam
chindhi sarva-dharma-vidām vara

44. virūpākṣa sarva-dharma-vidām vara
kena karma-vipākena puruṣaḥ prajñāvān
bhavet katham mānavaḥ alpaprajñaḥ
bhavati etam me saṃśayam chindhi

44. "By what ripening of actions (karma) does a person become intelligent? And how, O Virūpākṣa, does a human become unintelligent? Please resolve this doubt of mine, O best among those who know all constitutional principles (dharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom

• कर्म-विपाकेन (karma-vipākena) - by the ripening of actions, by the result of (karma)

• प्रज्ञावान् (prajñāvān) - intelligent, wise

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, man, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may become, should be

• अल्पप्रज्ञः (alpaprajñaḥ) - unintelligent, foolish

• विरूपाक्ष (virūpākṣa) - Addressed to Shiva. (O Virūpākṣa (an epithet of Shiva))

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human, man

• एतम् (etam) - this

• मे (me) - my, of me

• संशयम् (saṁśayam) - doubt

• छिन्धि (chindhi) - Dispel the doubt. (cut, dispel, remove)

• सर्व-धर्म-विदाम् (sarva-dharma-vidām) - of all knowers of (dharma)

• वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by what, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Instrumental singular of `kim` (masculine).

कर्म-विपाकेन (karma-vipākena) - by the ripening of actions, by the result of (karma)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karmavipāka

karmavipāka - ripening of actions, result of actions, consequence of (karma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+vipāka)

• karma – (karma), action, deed, ritual action
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vipāka – ripening, maturation, consequence, result
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-pac (to ripen).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: pac (class 1)

प्रज्ञावान् (prajñāvān) - intelligent, wise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajñāvat

prajñāvat - intelligent, wise, endowed with wisdom

Suffix -vat (possessing) added to prajñā.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, man, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, the Supreme Being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

भवेत् (bhavet) - may become, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative Active Indicative

3rd person singular, root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

अल्पप्रज्ञः (alpaprajñaḥ) - unintelligent, foolish

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpaprajña

alpaprajña - of little intelligence, foolish, ignorant

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+prajñā)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective (masculine)
• prajñā – wisdom, intelligence, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  From pra-jñā (to know well).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

विरूपाक्ष (virūpākṣa) - Addressed to Shiva. (O Virūpākṣa (an epithet of Shiva))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of virūpākṣa

virūpākṣa - odd-eyed, having deformed eyes, a name of Shiva

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+rūpa+akṣa)

• vi – prefix indicating separation, distinctness, speciality
  indeclinable
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: An epithet of Shiva.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Active Indicative

3rd person singular, root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human, man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - human, man, descendant of Manu

From Manu with aṇ suffix.

एतम् (etam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Accusative singular of `etad` (masculine).

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Genitive singular of `asmad`.

संशयम् (saṁśayam) - doubt

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

From sam-śī (to lie together, to be in doubt).

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

छिन्धि (chindhi) - Dispel the doubt. (cut, dispel, remove)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of chid

Imperative Active

2nd person singular, root chid

Root: chid (class 7)

सर्व-धर्म-विदाम् (sarva-dharma-vidām) - of all knowers of (dharma)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvadharmavid

sarvadharmavid - knower of all (dharma)/constitutional principles

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+dharma+vid)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• dharma – constitutional principle, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, understanding, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  From root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, boon, choice