महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-133, verse-41

स चेत्कर्मक्षयान्मर्त्यो मनुष्येषूपजायते ।
अल्पाबाधो निरीतीकः स जातः सुखमेधते ॥४१॥

41. sa cetkarmakṣayānmartyo manuṣyeṣūpajāyate ,
alpābādho nirītīkaḥ sa jātaḥ sukhamedhate.

41. saḥ cet karmakṣayāt martyaḥ manuṣyeṣu upajāyate
alpābādhaḥ nirītīkaḥ saḥ jātaḥ sukham edhate

41. cet saḥ martyaḥ karmakṣayāt manuṣyeṣu upajāyate,
(tataḥ) saḥ jātaḥ alpābādhaḥ nirītīkaḥ sukham edhate.

41. If that mortal, due to the exhaustion of his past actions (karma), is reborn among human beings, then, having been born, he experiences few obstacles, is free from calamities, and thrives in happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• चेत् (cet) - if

• कर्मक्षयात् (karmakṣayāt) - due to the exhaustion of past actions (karma) (from the exhaustion of (karma))

• मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - a mortal, human being

• मनुष्येषु (manuṣyeṣu) - among humans, among human beings

• उपजायते (upajāyate) - is reborn (is born, arises)

• अल्पाबाधः (alpābādhaḥ) - having few troubles/obstacles

• निरीतीकः (nirītīkaḥ) - free from calamities

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, having been born

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort

• एधते (edhate) - thrives, prospers, grows

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

कर्मक्षयात् (karmakṣayāt) - due to the exhaustion of past actions (karma) (from the exhaustion of (karma))

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of karmakṣaya

karmakṣaya - exhaustion of (karma), cessation of actions

Tatpurusha compound: karma (action) + kṣaya (exhaustion)

Compound type : tatpurusha (karman+kṣaya)

• karman – action, deed, (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  root √kṛ (to do) + -man suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kṣaya – loss, destruction, exhaustion, decay
  noun (masculine)
  root √kṣi (to destroy, diminish)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - a mortal, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of martya

martya - mortal, human, a man

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root √mṛ (to die), meaning 'one who is to die'

Root: mṛ (class 6)

मनुष्येषु (manuṣyeṣu) - among humans, among human beings

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being, person

उपजायते (upajāyate) - is reborn (is born, arises)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (lat) of upa-jan

root √jan (class 4, atmanepada) with upasarga 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: jan (class 4)

अल्पाबाधः (alpābādhaḥ) - having few troubles/obstacles

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpābādha

alpābādha - having few obstacles, troubles, or hindrances

Bahuvrihi compound: alpa (little, few) + ābādha (trouble, hindrance)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (alpa+ābādha)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective
• ābādha – trouble, hindrance, affliction, obstacle
  noun (masculine)
  root √bādh (to oppress, hinder) with upasarga 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bādh (class 1)

निरीतीकः (nirītīkaḥ) - free from calamities

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirītīka

nirītīka - free from calamities, free from distress

Bahuvrihi compound: nis (without) + īti (calamity) + -ka (possessive suffix)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+īti)

• nis – without, out of
  prefix
• īti – calamity, distress, plague, misfortune
  noun (feminine)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, having been born

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort, ease

एधते (edhate) - thrives, prospers, grows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (lat) of edh

Root: edh (class 1)