महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-68, verse-59

राजा प्रजानां हृदयं गरीयो गतिः प्रतिष्ठा सुखमुत्तमं च ।
यमाश्रिता लोकमिमं परं च जयन्ति सम्यक्पुरुषा नरेन्द्रम् ॥५९॥

59. rājā prajānāṁ hṛdayaṁ garīyo; gatiḥ pratiṣṭhā sukhamuttamaṁ ca ,
yamāśritā lokamimaṁ paraṁ ca; jayanti samyakpuruṣā narendram.

59. rājā prajānām hṛdayam garīyaḥ
gatiḥ pratiṣṭhā sukham uttamam ca
yam āśritāḥ lokam imam param ca
jayanti samyak puruṣāḥ narendram

59. rājā prajānām garīyaḥ hṛdayam gatiḥ pratiṣṭhā uttamam sukham ca.
yam narendram āśritāḥ puruṣāḥ imam lokam param ca samyak jayanti.

59. The king is the greatest affection of the subjects, their refuge, their foundation, and their supreme happiness. People who take refuge in that king truly conquer both this world and the next.

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler, sovereign)

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the subjects (of the subjects, of the people, of progeny)

• हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - affection (heart, mind, essence, affection)

• गरीयः (garīyaḥ) - greatest (heavier, greater, more important, more venerable)

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - refuge (movement, path, refuge, destination, state)

• प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) - foundation (foundation, support, status, establishment)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, comfort)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme (highest, best, supreme, excellent)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यम् (yam) - that (king) (whom (relative pronoun))

• आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - those who take refuge in (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, followers)

• लोकम् (lokam) - world (world, realm, people)

• इमम् (imam) - this (this, this one)

• परम् (param) - the next (world) (other, supreme, highest, next (world))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• जयन्ति (jayanti) - they truly conquer (they conquer, they win, they overcome)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - truly (properly, completely, thoroughly, truly)

• पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - people (puruṣa) (men, people, cosmic persons (puruṣa))

• नरेन्द्रम् (narendram) - that king (king, ruler (literally 'lord of men'))

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler, sovereign)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

From root rāj (to shine, rule)

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject.

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the subjects (of the subjects, of the people, of progeny)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, subjects, people, creation

From pra + jan (to be born)

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Possessive, connected to hṛdayam etc.

हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - affection (heart, mind, essence, affection)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, essence, affection

Note: Predicate nominative.

गरीयः (garīyaḥ) - greatest (heavier, greater, more important, more venerable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of garīyas

garīyas - heavier, greater, more important, more venerable

Comparative degree of guru (heavy, important)

Note: Predicate nominative.

गतिः (gatiḥ) - refuge (movement, path, refuge, destination, state)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - movement, path, refuge, destination, state

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) - foundation (foundation, support, status, establishment)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pratiṣṭhā

pratiṣṭhā - foundation, support, status, establishment, fame

From prati + sthā (to stand)

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, comfort)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure

Note: Predicate nominative.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme (highest, best, supreme, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, supreme, excellent

Superlative of ud (up)

Note: Qualifies 'sukham'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

यम् (yam) - that (king) (whom (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'narendram'.

आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - those who take refuge in (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, followers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, followers

Past Passive Participle

From ā + śri (to lean upon, resort to)

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣāḥ'.

लोकम् (lokam) - world (world, realm, people)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

From root lok (to see)

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Direct object.

इमम् (imam) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Qualifies 'lokam'.

परम् (param) - the next (world) (other, supreme, highest, next (world))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, opposite, supreme, highest, distant, subsequent

Note: Qualifies an implied 'lokam'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

जयन्ति (jayanti) - they truly conquer (they conquer, they win, they overcome)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ji

Present Tense, Indicative Mood

1st conjugation, Parasmaipada

Root: ji (class 1)

सम्यक् (samyak) - truly (properly, completely, thoroughly, truly)

(indeclinable)

From sam + añc (to go, move)

Prefix: sam

Root: añc (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'jayanti'.

पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - people (puruṣa) (men, people, cosmic persons (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Subject of 'jayanti'.

नरेन्द्रम् (narendram) - that king (king, ruler (literally 'lord of men'))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, ruler, lord of men

From nṛ (man) + indra (lord)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+indra)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra (the deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the relative clause, connected to 'yam'.