महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-68, verse-49

न हि राज्ञः प्रतीपानि कुर्वन्सुखमवाप्नुयात् ।
पुत्रो भ्राता वयस्यो वा यद्यप्यात्मसमो भवेत् ॥४९॥

49. na hi rājñaḥ pratīpāni kurvansukhamavāpnuyāt ,
putro bhrātā vayasyo vā yadyapyātmasamo bhavet.

49. na hi rājñaḥ pratīpāni kurvan sukham avāpnuyāt
putraḥ bhrātā vayasyaḥ vā yadyapi ātmasamaḥ bhavet

49. yadyapi putraḥ bhrātā vayasyaḥ vā ātmasamaḥ bhavet
(tathāpi) rājñaḥ pratīpāni kurvan sukham na hi avāpnuyāt

49. Indeed, one who acts contrary to the king will not attain happiness, even if that person is a son, a brother, or a friend equal to oneself (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• प्रतीपानि (pratīpāni) - contrary things, adverse things

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing, making

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, comfort, joy

• अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - one would obtain, one should obtain, he would reach

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• वयस्यः (vayasyaḥ) - friend, companion, age-mate

• वा (vā) - or, either... or

• यद्यपि (yadyapi) - even if, although

• आत्मसमः (ātmasamaḥ) - equal to oneself, like the self (ātman)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would be

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

प्रतीपानि (pratīpāni) - contrary things, adverse things

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pratīpa

pratīpa - contrary, adverse, opposite, reversed

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing, making

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, performing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, comfort, joy

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, joy, ease, comfort

अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - one would obtain, one should obtain, he would reach

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (vidhi-liṅ) of avāpnuyāt

Optative

Optative form of root āp with upasarga ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

वयस्यः (vayasyaḥ) - friend, companion, age-mate

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vayasya

vayasya - friend, companion, contemporary, age-mate

वा (vā) - or, either... or

(indeclinable)

यद्यपि (yadyapi) - even if, although

(indeclinable)

आत्मसमः (ātmasamaḥ) - equal to oneself, like the self (ātman)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmasama

ātmasama - equal to oneself, like the soul/self (ātman)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ātman+sama)

• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar, like, same
  adjective (masculine)

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhavet

Optative

Optative form of root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

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