महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-68, verse-13

एवमेव विना राज्ञा विनश्येयुरिमाः प्रजाः ।
अन्धे तमसि मज्जेयुरगोपाः पशवो यथा ॥१३॥

13. evameva vinā rājñā vinaśyeyurimāḥ prajāḥ ,
andhe tamasi majjeyuragopāḥ paśavo yathā.

13. evam eva vinā rājñā vinaśyeyuḥ imāḥ prajāḥ
andhe tamasi majjeyuḥ agopāḥ paśavaḥ yathā

13. evam eva rājñā vinā imāḥ prajāḥ vinaśyeyuḥ
agopāḥ paśavaḥ yathā andhe tamasi majjeyuḥ

13. Just so, without a king, these people would perish. They would sink into blind darkness, just like cattle without a herdsman.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - just so, in this way (thus, so, in this manner)

• एव (eva) - precisely (indeed, only, just)

• विना (vinā) - without

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by a king

• विनश्येयुः (vinaśyeyuḥ) - they would perish (they would perish, they would be destroyed)

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects (subjects, people, progeny, offspring)

• अन्धे (andhe) - blind (blind, dark)

• तमसि (tamasi) - in darkness

• मज्जेयुः (majjeyuḥ) - they would sink (they would sink, they would drown)

• अगोपाः (agopāḥ) - without a herdsman (without a protector, without a herdsman)

• पशवः (paśavaḥ) - cattle (animals, cattle, beasts)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, like)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - just so, in this way (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - precisely (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

विना (vinā) - without

(indeclinable)

Takes instrumental, accusative, or ablative case.

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by a king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Governed by vinā.

विनश्येयुः (vinaśyeyuḥ) - they would perish (they would perish, they would be destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vinaś

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

इमाः (imāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects (subjects, people, progeny, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - subjects, people, progeny, offspring

Derived from root jan (to be born) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of vinaśyeyuḥ.

अन्धे (andhe) - blind (blind, dark)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of andha

andha - blind, dark

तमसि (tamasi) - in darkness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom

s-stem neuter noun.

Root: tam (class 4)

मज्जेयुः (majjeyuḥ) - they would sink (they would sink, they would drown)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Optative (vidhi-liṅ) of majj

Root: majj (class 6)

अगोपाः (agopāḥ) - without a herdsman (without a protector, without a herdsman)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of agopa

agopa - without a protector, without a herdsman

From a- (negation) + gopa (herdsman, protector).

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+gopa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• gopa – herdsman, protector, cowherd
  noun (masculine)
  From root gup (to protect).
  Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Refers to paśavaḥ.

पशवः (paśavaḥ) - cattle (animals, cattle, beasts)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paśu

paśu - animal, cattle, beast

u-stem noun.

Root: paś

Note: Subject of majjeyuḥ in the simile.

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, like)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb.