महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-68, verse-34

यजन्ते च त्रयो वर्णा महायज्ञैः पृथग्विधैः ।
युक्ताश्चाधीयते शास्त्रं यदा रक्षति भूमिपः ॥३४॥

34. yajante ca trayo varṇā mahāyajñaiḥ pṛthagvidhaiḥ ,
yuktāścādhīyate śāstraṁ yadā rakṣati bhūmipaḥ.

34. yajante ca trayaḥ varṇāḥ mahāyajñaiḥ pṛthagvidhaiḥ
yuktāḥ ca adhīyate śāstram yadā rakṣati bhūmipaḥ

34. yadā bhūmipaḥ rakṣati,
ca trayaḥ varṇāḥ pṛthagvidhaiḥ mahāyajñaiḥ yajante,
ca yuktāḥ śāstram adhīyate.

34. When the ruler (bhūmipaḥ) provides protection, the three social classes (varṇāḥ) perform great Vedic rituals (yajña) of various kinds, and they are also diligently engaged in studying the scriptures (śāstram).

Words meanings summery:

• यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform (yajña) (they perform sacrifices)

• च (ca) - and, also

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇāḥ) (social classes, castes, colors)

• महायज्ञैः (mahāyajñaiḥ) - with great sacrifices (yajña) (with great sacrifices)

• पृथग्विधैः (pṛthagvidhaiḥ) - of various kinds, diverse

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - diligently engaged (in studying) (engaged, associated, joined, fitting, proper)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अधीयते (adhīyate) - they study, they learn

• शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - scriptures (śāstram) (scripture, sacred text, treatise, science, rule)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• रक्षति (rakṣati) - he protects

• भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - king, ruler of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

यजन्ते (yajante) - they perform (yajña) (they perform sacrifices)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of √yaj

Present Middle Indicative, 3rd person plural

From root √yaj (to sacrifice)

Root: yaj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'varṇāḥ'.

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇāḥ) (social classes, castes, colors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, hue, class, social order, letter, sound

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Subject of 'yajante' and 'adhīyate'.

महायज्ञैः (mahāyajñaiḥ) - with great sacrifices (yajña) (with great sacrifices)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāyajña

mahāyajña - great sacrifice, important ritual

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+yajña)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• yajña – sacrifice, offering, worship (yajña)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case indicating means or instrument.

पृथग्विधैः (pṛthagvidhaiḥ) - of various kinds, diverse

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pṛthagvidha

pṛthagvidha - of various kinds, diverse, manifold

Compound type : tatpurusha (pṛthak+vidha)

• pṛthak – separately, individually, various
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'mahāyajñaiḥ'.

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - diligently engaged (in studying) (engaged, associated, joined, fitting, proper)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, engaged, devoted, proper, fit

Past Passive Participle

From root √yuj (to join, to unite, to control)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with implicit 'varṇāḥ' as subject.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अधीयते (adhīyate) - they study, they learn

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of √ī

Present Middle Indicative, 3rd person plural

From root √ī (to go), with prefix adhi- meaning 'to study'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: ī (class 2)

शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - scriptures (śāstram) (scripture, sacred text, treatise, science, rule)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śāstra

śāstra - sacred precept, rule, treatise, scripture, science, instruction (śāstram)

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Object of 'adhīyate'.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

रक्षति (rakṣati) - he protects

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √rakṣ

Present Active Indicative, 3rd person singular

From root √rakṣ (to protect)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - king, ruler of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūmipa

bhūmipa - king, ruler, protector of the earth

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūmi+pa)

• bhūmi – earth, land, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pa – protector, guardian, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root √pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'rakṣati'.

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