महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-68, verse-26

ब्राह्मणाश्चतुरो वेदान्नाधीयेरंस्तपस्विनः ।
विद्यास्नातास्तपःस्नाता यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥२६॥

26. brāhmaṇāścaturo vedānnādhīyeraṁstapasvinaḥ ,
vidyāsnātāstapaḥsnātā yadi rājā na pālayet.

26. brāhmaṇāḥ caturaḥ vedān na adhīyeran tapasvinaḥ
vidyāsnātāḥ tapaḥsnātāḥ yadi rājā na pālayet

26. yadi rājā na pālayet brāhmaṇāḥ tapasvinaḥ
vidyāsnātāḥ tapaḥsnātāḥ caturaḥ vedān na adhīyeran

26. If the king does not provide protection, Brahmins and ascetics—those who have completed their studies (vidyāsnātāḥ) and those who have performed austerities (tapas)—would not be able to study the four Vedas.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• वेदान् (vedān) - Vedas (sacred texts)

• न (na) - not, no

• अधीयेरन् (adhīyeran) - would study, should study

• तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics, hermits, practitioners of austerity (tapas)

• विद्यास्नाताः (vidyāsnātāḥ) - those who have completed their studies, bathed in knowledge

• तपःस्नाताः (tapaḥsnātāḥ) - those who have performed austerities (tapas), bathed in austerity

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• न (na) - not, no

• पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect, should protect, guards

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class, related to Brahman

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Modifies 'vedān'.

वेदान् (vedān) - Vedas (sacred texts)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, collection of hymns and rituals

Root: vid (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अधीयेरन् (adhīyeran) - would study, should study

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of adhi-i

With upasarga 'adhi', it means 'to study, to read'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics, hermits, practitioners of austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - one who practices austerity (tapas), an ascetic, a hermit

Derived from 'tapas' with the possessive suffix '-vin'.

विद्यास्नाताः (vidyāsnātāḥ) - those who have completed their studies, bathed in knowledge

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidyāsnāta

vidyāsnāta - one who has bathed after completing studies, a graduate of Vedic learning

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vidyā+snāta)

• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
• snāta – bathed, purified (metaphorically, having completed a ritual bath after studies)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root snā (स्ना) with past passive participle suffix -ta.
  Root: snā (class 2)

Note: Refers to students who have completed Vedic studies.

तपःस्नाताः (tapaḥsnātāḥ) - those who have performed austerities (tapas), bathed in austerity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapaḥsnāta

tapaḥsnāta - one who has bathed after performing austerities, purified by penance

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (tapas+snāta)

• tapas – austerity, penance, spiritual heat (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
• snāta – bathed, purified (metaphorically, having completed a ritual bath after austerities)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root snā (स्ना) with past passive participle suffix -ta.
  Root: snā (class 2)

यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पालयेत् (pālayet) - would protect, should protect, guards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pālaya

Causative stem

Derived from the root pā (पा) through the causative formation (णिच्) in the 10th class.

Root: pā (class 10)