महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-68, verse-58

राजा प्रगल्भं पुरुषं करोति राजा कृशं बृंहयते मनुष्यम् ।
राजाभिपन्नस्य कुतः सुखानि राजाभ्युपेतं सुखिनं करोति ॥५८॥

58. rājā pragalbhaṁ puruṣaṁ karoti; rājā kṛśaṁ bṛṁhayate manuṣyam ,
rājābhipannasya kutaḥ sukhāni; rājābhyupetaṁ sukhinaṁ karoti.

58. rājā pragalbham puruṣam karoti
rājā kṛśam bṛṃhayate manuṣyam
rājā abhipannasya kutaḥ sukhāni
rājā abhyupetam sukhinam karoti

58. rājā pragalbham puruṣam karoti.
rājā kṛśam manuṣyam bṛṃhayate.
rājā abhipannasya sukhāni kutaḥ [bhavanti]? rājā abhyupetam sukhinam karoti.

58. A king makes a person bold and capable. A king strengthens a weak person. How can there be happiness for one afflicted by a king? A king makes a person happy who is supported by him.

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler, sovereign)

• प्रगल्भम् (pragalbham) - bold and capable (bold, confident, capable, brave, eloquent)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - a person (puruṣa) (man, person, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa))

• करोति (karoti) - makes (makes, does, performs, creates)

• कृशम् (kṛśam) - weak (lean, thin, weak, poor, feeble)

• बृंहयते (bṛṁhayate) - strengthens (causes to grow, strengthens, nourishes, supports, increases)

• मनुष्यम् (manuṣyam) - a person (man, human being, person)

• अभिपन्नस्य (abhipannasya) - of one who is afflicted (by the king) (of one who is afflicted, fallen, distressed, seized)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - how can there be? (whence, from where, how, why)

• सुखानि (sukhāni) - happiness (happiness, joys, comforts)

• अभ्युपेतम् (abhyupetam) - supported by (the king) (approached, supported, taken up, accepted)

• सुखिनम् (sukhinam) - happy (happy, joyous, comfortable)

• करोति (karoti) - makes (makes, does, performs, creates)

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler, sovereign)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

From root rāj (to shine, rule)

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of multiple verbs.

प्रगल्भम् (pragalbham) - bold and capable (bold, confident, capable, brave, eloquent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pragalbha

pragalbha - bold, confident, capable, brave, eloquent

From pra + galbh (to be confident, brave)

Prefix: pra

Root: galbh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣam'.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - a person (puruṣa) (man, person, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Direct object of 'karoti'.

करोति (karoti) - makes (makes, does, performs, creates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Tense, Indicative Mood

8th conjugation, Parasmaipada

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Verb for 'rājā'.

कृशम् (kṛśam) - weak (lean, thin, weak, poor, feeble)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛśa

kṛśa - lean, thin, weak, poor, feeble

From root kṛś (to make thin)

Root: kṛś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'manuṣyam'.

बृंहयते (bṛṁhayate) - strengthens (causes to grow, strengthens, nourishes, supports, increases)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bṛṃh

Present Tense, Indicative Mood

10th conjugation (causative of bṛh), Atmanepada

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'rājā'.

मनुष्यम् (manuṣyam) - a person (man, human being, person)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being, person

From Manu (the first man, lawgiver)

Note: Direct object of 'bṛṃhayate'.

अभिपन्नस्य (abhipannasya) - of one who is afflicted (by the king) (of one who is afflicted, fallen, distressed, seized)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of abhipanna

abhipanna - afflicted, fallen, distressed, seized, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

From abhi + pad (to fall upon, reach, obtain, be afflicted)

Prefix: abhi

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies an implied person, related to 'rājā'.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - how can there be? (whence, from where, how, why)

(indeclinable)

Derived from kim (what)

सुखानि (sukhāni) - happiness (happiness, joys, comforts)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure

Note: Subject of implied 'bhavanti' (are).

अभ्युपेतम् (abhyupetam) - supported by (the king) (approached, supported, taken up, accepted)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyupeta

abhyupeta - approached, supported, taken up, accepted

Past Passive Participle

From abhi + upa + i (to go)

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied person.

सुखिनम् (sukhinam) - happy (happy, joyous, comfortable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyous, comfortable, possessing happiness

From sukha (happiness) + in (possessive suffix)

Note: Predicate accusative.

करोति (karoti) - makes (makes, does, performs, creates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Tense, Indicative Mood

8th conjugation, Parasmaipada

Root: kṛ (class 8)