महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-68, verse-18

पतेद्बहुविधं शस्त्रं बहुधा धर्मचारिषु ।
अधर्मः प्रगृहीतः स्याद्यदि राजा न पालयेत् ॥१८॥

18. patedbahuvidhaṁ śastraṁ bahudhā dharmacāriṣu ,
adharmaḥ pragṛhītaḥ syādyadi rājā na pālayet.

18. patet bahuvidham śastram bahudhā dharmacāriṣu
adharmaḥ pragṛhītaḥ syāt yadi rājā na pālayet

18. yadi rājā na pālayet bahuvidham śastram bahudhā
dharmacāriṣu patet adharmaḥ pragṛhītaḥ syāt

18. Various weapons would fall repeatedly upon those who uphold righteousness (dharma), and unrighteousness (adharma) would become prevalent if the king failed to protect.

Words meanings summery:

• पतेत् (patet) - it would fall, it might fall

• बहुविधम् (bahuvidham) - various kinds of (weapons) (of many kinds, manifold)

• शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon, sword, instrument

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - repeatedly (in many ways, repeatedly, manifoldly)

• धर्मचारिषु (dharmacāriṣu) - among those who uphold righteousness (dharma) (among those who practice (dharma), among righteous people)

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law

• प्रगृहीतः (pragṛhītaḥ) - would be embraced, would become prevalent (seized, grasped, accepted, adopted, become prevalent)

• स्यात् (syāt) - it would be, it might be, it should be

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• न (na) - not

• पालयेत् (pālayet) - he would protect, he might protect

Words meanings and morphology

पतेत् (patet) - it would fall, it might fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pat

Root class 1, Parasmaipada

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Potential/Optative mood, 3rd person singular.

बहुविधम् (bahuvidham) - various kinds of (weapons) (of many kinds, manifold)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, manifold, various

Compound of bahu (many) and vidha (kind)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective (neuter)
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (neuter)
  From √dhā (to place, put) with vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'śastram'.

शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon, sword, instrument

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, sword, tool, instrument

From √śas (to cut)

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Also accusative singular neuter. Context implies nominative here, as the subject of 'patet'.

बहुधा (bahudhā) - repeatedly (in many ways, repeatedly, manifoldly)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -dhā meaning 'in X ways' from bahu (many)

धर्मचारिषु (dharmacāriṣu) - among those who uphold righteousness (dharma) (among those who practice (dharma), among righteous people)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of dharmacārin

dharmacārin - one who practices (dharma), righteous, virtuous

Compound of dharma (natural law, righteousness) and cārin (practicing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+cārin)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• cārin – moving, walking, practicing, follower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from √car
  From √car (to move, to practice)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun referring to people.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, non-(dharma)

Negation of dharma (natural law, righteousness) with 'a-' prefix

Compound type : nah-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

प्रगृहीतः (pragṛhītaḥ) - would be embraced, would become prevalent (seized, grasped, accepted, adopted, become prevalent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pragṛhīta

pragṛhīta - seized, grasped, held, accepted, adopted

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√grah (to seize, take, accept)

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'adharmaḥ'.

स्यात् (syāt) - it would be, it might be, it should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root class 2, Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Potential/Optative mood, 3rd person singular. Used as an auxiliary verb here with a participle to form a compound predicate "would be adopted/prevalent".

यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

पालयेत् (pālayet) - he would protect, he might protect

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pāl

Causative from √pā (to protect), class 10 conjugation

Root: pā (class 10)

Note: Potential/Optative mood, 3rd person singular.