महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-224, verse-30

सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद्ब्रह्मणो विदुः ।
रात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः ॥३०॥

30. sahasrayugaparyantamaharyadbrahmaṇo viduḥ ,
rātriṁ yugasahasrāntāṁ te'horātravido janāḥ.

30. sahasrayugaparyantam ahaḥ yat brahmaṇaḥ viduḥ
rātrim yugasahasrāntām te ahorātravidaḥ janāḥ

30. te janāḥ ahorātravidaḥ (ye) brahmaṇaḥ yat ahaḥ
sahasrayugaparyantam rātrim yugasahasrāntām (ca) viduḥ

30. Those people who understand the true measure of day and night (ahorātra-vid), know that the day of Brahmā (Brahman) lasts for a thousand ages (yugas), and his night also extends for a thousand ages.

Words meanings summery:

• सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तम् (sahasrayugaparyantam) - lasting for a thousand ages (yugas) (lasting for a thousand ages, whose end is a thousand ages)

• अहः (ahaḥ) - a day of Brahmā (day)

• यत् (yat) - that (as a conjunction introducing a clause) (which, that (conjunction))

• ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahmā (the creator deity) (of Brahmā, of the Brahman, of prayer)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

• रात्रिम् (rātrim) - the night of Brahmā (night)

• युगसहस्रान्ताम् (yugasahasrāntām) - ending after a thousand ages (yugas) (whose end is a thousand ages, ending after a thousand ages)

• ते (te) - those people (those)

• अहोरात्रविदः (ahorātravidaḥ) - those who understand the true measure of day and night (ahorātra) (knowers of day and night)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons)

Words meanings and morphology

सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तम् (sahasrayugaparyantam) - lasting for a thousand ages (yugas) (lasting for a thousand ages, whose end is a thousand ages)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sahasrayugaparyanta

sahasrayugaparyanta - ending in a thousand ages, lasting for a thousand ages

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sahasra+yuga+paryanta)

• sahasra – a thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• yuga – age, epoch, yoke, pair
  noun (masculine)
• paryanta – end, limit, boundary, lasting until
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: pari+anta
  Root: anta

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'ahaḥ'.

अहः (ahaḥ) - a day of Brahmā (day)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

Note: The object of 'viduḥ'.

यत् (yat) - that (as a conjunction introducing a clause) (which, that (conjunction))

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the object clause.

ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahmā (the creator deity) (of Brahmā, of the Brahman, of prayer)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - sacred power, prayer, the Absolute (Brahman), the creator deity (Brahmā)

Root: bṛh

Note: Possessive, 'of Brahmā'.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Strong root, vid class 2 verb (ad-class).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

रात्रिम् (rātrim) - the night of Brahmā (night)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Object of 'viduḥ'.

युगसहस्रान्ताम् (yugasahasrāntām) - ending after a thousand ages (yugas) (whose end is a thousand ages, ending after a thousand ages)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yugasahasrānta

yugasahasrānta - whose end is a thousand ages

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (yuga+sahasra+anta)

• yuga – age, epoch, yoke
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – a thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rātrim'.

ते (te) - those people (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to 'janāḥ'.

अहोरात्रविदः (ahorātravidaḥ) - those who understand the true measure of day and night (ahorātra) (knowers of day and night)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ahorātravid

ahorātravid - knowing day and night, knower of day and night

Agent noun from vid (to know) preceded by ahorātra.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (ahorātra+vid)

• ahorātra – day and night
  noun (neuter)
  Dvandva compound of ahan (day) and rātri (night).
• vid – knowing, knower, wise
  noun (masculine)
  Noun derived from verbal root vid (to know).
  Root: vid

Note: Subject complement with 'janāḥ'.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Main subject of the sentence.