महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-224, verse-28

एतां द्वादशसाहस्रीं युगाख्यां कवयो विदुः ।
सहस्रं परिवृत्तं तद्ब्राह्मं दिवसमुच्यते ॥२८॥

28. etāṁ dvādaśasāhasrīṁ yugākhyāṁ kavayo viduḥ ,
sahasraṁ parivṛttaṁ tadbrāhmaṁ divasamucyate.

28. etām dvādaśasāhasrīm yugākhyām kavayaḥ viduḥ |
sahasram parivṛttam tat brāhmam divasam ucyate

28. kavayaḥ etām dvādaśasāhasrīm yugākhyām viduḥ sahasram parivṛttam,
tat brāhmam divasam ucyate

28. The wise ones know this cycle of twelve thousand (divine years) to be designated as an age (yugākhyā). When a thousand such cycles have revolved, that is called a day of Brahmā (brāhmam divasam).

Words meanings summery:

• एताम् (etām) - this (measure of time) (this (feminine, accusative singular))

• द्वादशसाहस्रीम् (dvādaśasāhasrīm) - twelve thousand (divine years) (twelve thousand)

• युगाख्याम् (yugākhyām) - designated as a Mahayuga (cycle of four Yugas) (designated as an age, known as Yuga)

• कवयः (kavayaḥ) - the learned sages (who know such cosmic calculations) (the wise ones, sages, poets)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand (Mahayugas) (a thousand)

• परिवृत्तम् (parivṛttam) - revolved, completed, passed

• तत् (tat) - that (period of time) (that)

• ब्राह्मम् (brāhmam) - of Brahmā (the deity) (related to Brahma, divine, Brahmanic)

• दिवसम् (divasam) - day

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

एताम् (etām) - this (measure of time) (this (feminine, accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the 'dvādaśasāhasrīm yugākhyām'.

द्वादशसाहस्रीम् (dvādaśasāhasrīm) - twelve thousand (divine years) (twelve thousand)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dvādaśasāhasrī

dvādaśasāhasrī - twelve thousand

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvādaśa+sāhasra)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• sāhasra – consisting of a thousand, thousandfold
  adjective

Note: Refers to 'divine years' implicitly in the context of Mahayugas.

युगाख्याम् (yugākhyām) - designated as a Mahayuga (cycle of four Yugas) (designated as an age, known as Yuga)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yugākhyā

yugākhyā - designation of an age, named Yuga

Compound type : tatpurusha (yuga+ākhyā)

• yuga – age, era, epoch
  noun (masculine)
• ākhyā – name, designation, appellation
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root khyā with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: khyā (class 2)

कवयः (kavayaḥ) - the learned sages (who know such cosmic calculations) (the wise ones, sages, poets)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kavi

kavi - wise man, sage, poet, seer

Root: ku (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'viduḥ'.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vid

Present Active

Root verb 'vid' (Class 2, Adadi) in present tense, third person plural.

Root: vid (class 2)

सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand (Mahayugas) (a thousand)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sahasra

sahasra - a thousand

Note: Implies 'sahasram mahāyugānām' (a thousand of Mahayugas).

परिवृत्तम् (parivṛttam) - revolved, completed, passed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parivṛtta

parivṛtta - revolved, turned around, completed, passed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefix pari (around, completely)

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sahasram'.

तत् (tat) - that (period of time) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Refers to the collective 'sahasram parivṛttam'.

ब्राह्मम् (brāhmam) - of Brahmā (the deity) (related to Brahma, divine, Brahmanic)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brāhma

brāhma - relating to Brahmā, relating to Brahman, divine

Derived from 'Brahman' or 'Brahmā'.

Note: Agrees with 'divasam'.

दिवसम् (divasam) - day

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of divasa

divasa - day

Root: div (class 4)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

Present Passive

Root 'vac' in present tense, third person singular, passive voice.

Root: vac (class 2)