महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-224, verse-13

त्रिंशन्मुहूर्तश्च भवेदहश्च रात्रिश्च संख्या मुनिभिः प्रणीता ।
मासः स्मृतो रात्र्यहनी च त्रिंशत्संवत्सरो द्वादशमास उक्तः ।
संवत्सरं द्वे अयने वदन्ति संख्याविदो दक्षिणमुत्तरं च ॥१३॥

13. triṁśanmuhūrtaśca bhavedahaśca; rātriśca saṁkhyā munibhiḥ praṇītā ,
māsaḥ smṛto rātryahanī ca triṁśa;tsaṁvatsaro dvādaśamāsa uktaḥ ,
saṁvatsaraṁ dve ayane vadanti; saṁkhyāvido dakṣiṇamuttaraṁ ca.

13. triṃśat muhūrtaḥ ca bhavet ahaḥ ca rātriḥ ca saṃkhyā
munibhiḥ praṇītā māsaḥ smṛtaḥ rātryahanī ca
triṃśat saṃvatsaraḥ dvādaśa-māsaḥ uktaḥ saṃvatsaram
dve ayane vadanti saṃkhyā-vidaḥ dakṣiṇam uttaram ca

13. triṃśat muhūrtaḥ ca ahaḥ ca rātriḥ ca bhavet (eṣā)
saṃkhyā munibhiḥ praṇītā triṃśat rātryahanī ca māsaḥ
smṛtaḥ dvādaśa-māsaḥ saṃvatsaraḥ uktaḥ saṃkhyā-vidaḥ
dve dakṣiṇam uttaram ca ayane saṃvatsaram vadanti

13. Thirty `muhūrta`s constitute a day and a night, a measurement established by the sages. Thirty nights and days are traditionally called a month, and a year is said to consist of twelve months. Experts in calculation state that a year has two solstices (ayana): the southern and the northern.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty

• मुहूर्तः (muhūrtaḥ) - a muhūrta (unit of time, approx. 48 minutes)

• च (ca) - and

• भवेत् (bhavet) - constitutes (would be, becomes, should be, may be)

• अहः (ahaḥ) - day

• च (ca) - and

• रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

• च (ca) - and

• संख्या (saṁkhyā) - a measurement (number, count, measure, calculation)

• मुनिभिः (munibhiḥ) - by sages, by ascetics

• प्रणीता (praṇītā) - established, proclaimed, taught, laid down

• मासः (māsaḥ) - month

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, considered, called, traditionally held

• रात्र्यहनी (rātryahanī) - two nights and days (day and night)

• च (ca) - and

• त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty

• संवत्सरः (saṁvatsaraḥ) - year

• द्वादश-मासः (dvādaśa-māsaḥ) - twelve months

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, declared, stated

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - a year (accusative)

• द्वे (dve) - two

• अयने (ayane) - two solstices, two courses (ayana)

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, they speak, they state

• संख्या-विदः (saṁkhyā-vidaḥ) - knowers of numbers, experts in calculation

• दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - northern

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty

(numeral)

Note: Used as a collective singular

मुहूर्तः (muhūrtaḥ) - a muhūrta (unit of time, approx. 48 minutes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a short space of time, moment; a unit of time (30 kalās)

A-stem noun

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle

भवेत् (bhavet) - constitutes (would be, becomes, should be, may be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root verb (class 1), optative mood

Root: bhū (class 1)

अहः (ahaḥ) - day

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahar

ahar - day

R-stem noun, neuter

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle

रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

I-stem noun, feminine

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle

संख्या (saṁkhyā) - a measurement (number, count, measure, calculation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃkhyā

saṁkhyā - number, calculation, enumeration, measure

Ā-stem noun

मुनिभिः (munibhiḥ) - by sages, by ascetics

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer

I-stem noun

प्रणीता (praṇītā) - established, proclaimed, taught, laid down

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of praṇīta

praṇīta - led forward, composed, established, taught

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'nī' (to lead) with prefix 'pra-'

Prefix: pra

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saṃkhyā'

मासः (māsaḥ) - month

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month; moon

A-stem noun

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, considered, called, traditionally held

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, thought of, traditional, lawful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'smṛ' (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'māsaḥ'

रात्र्यहनी (rātryahanī) - two nights and days (day and night)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of rātryahanī

rātryahanī - night and day

Dvandva compound of 'rātri' (night) and 'ahan' (day)

Compound type : Dvandva (rātri+ahan)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
  I-stem noun
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)
  N-stem noun

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle

त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty

(numeral)

Note: Used as a collective singular

संवत्सरः (saṁvatsaraḥ) - year

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

A-stem noun

द्वादश-मासः (dvādaśa-māsaḥ) - twelve months

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvādaśa-māsa

dvādaśa-māsa - twelve months

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'dvādaśa' (twelve) and 'māsa' (month)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dvādaśa+māsa)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
  Cardinal numeral
• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)
  A-stem noun

Note: Agrees with 'saṃvatsaraḥ'

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, declared, stated

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'saṃvatsaraḥ'

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - a year (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

A-stem noun

Note: Object of 'vadanti'

द्वे (dve) - two

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'ayane'

अयने (ayane) - two solstices, two courses (ayana)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of ayana

ayana - course, path; solstice, equinox; period of six months

Derived from root 'i' (to go)

Root: i (class 2)

वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, they speak, they state

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vad

Root verb (class 1), present tense

Root: vad (class 1)

संख्या-विदः (saṁkhyā-vidaḥ) - knowers of numbers, experts in calculation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃkhyā-vid

saṁkhyā-vid - knower of numbers, arithmetician, astronomer

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'saṃkhyā' (number) and 'vid' (knower)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (saṃkhyā+vid)

• saṃkhyā – number, calculation, enumeration
  noun (feminine)
  Ā-stem noun
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right (direction); skillful

A-stem adjective

Note: Agrees with an implied 'ayanam' as part of the dual 'ayane'

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - northern

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - northern, upper, later, higher, superior

A-stem adjective

Note: Agrees with an implied 'ayanam' as part of the dual 'ayane'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle