महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-224, verse-18

तेषां संवत्सराग्राणि प्रवक्ष्याम्यनुपूर्वशः ।
कृते त्रेतायुगे चैव द्वापरे च कलौ तथा ॥१८॥

18. teṣāṁ saṁvatsarāgrāṇi pravakṣyāmyanupūrvaśaḥ ,
kṛte tretāyuge caiva dvāpare ca kalau tathā.

18. teṣām saṃvatsarāgrāṇi pravakṣyāmi anupūrvaśaḥ
kṛte tretāyuge ca eva dvāpare ca kalau tathā

18. anupūrvaśaḥ teṣām saṃvatsarāgrāṇi pravakṣyāmi
kṛte ca tretāyuge ca dvāpare ca kalau tathā

18. I will now explain, in due order, the durations of the years for these (yugas): in the Kṛta, Tretā, Dvāpara, and similarly, in the Kali Yuga.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - refers to the yugas mentioned implicitly (of them, their)

• संवत्सराग्राणि (saṁvatsarāgrāṇi) - divisions of years, foremost years, durations of years

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will explain, I will declare

• अनुपूर्वशः (anupūrvaśaḥ) - in due order, sequentially

• कृते (kṛte) - refers to the first of the four yugas, the Golden Age (in the Kṛta (Yuga))

• त्रेतायुगे (tretāyuge) - Refers to the second of the four yugas. (in the Tretā Yuga)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, certainly, only

• द्वापरे (dvāpare) - Refers to the third of the four yugas. (in the Dvāpara (Yuga))

• च (ca) - and

• कलौ (kalau) - Refers to the fourth and present of the four yugas. (in the Kali (Yuga))

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, also, in that manner

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - refers to the yugas mentioned implicitly (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

संवत्सराग्राणि (saṁvatsarāgrāṇi) - divisions of years, foremost years, durations of years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of saṃvatsarāgra

saṁvatsarāgra - divisions of years, foremost years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃvatsara+agra)

• saṃvatsara – year
  noun (masculine)
• agra – front, top, point, beginning, division
  noun (neuter)

Note: Direct object of pravakṣyāmi.

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will explain, I will declare

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

future active

future stem vakṣya- + first person singular ending

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

अनुपूर्वशः (anupūrvaśaḥ) - in due order, sequentially

(indeclinable)

derived from anupūrva (sequence) with the suffix -śaḥ (indicating 'in the manner of')

कृते (kṛte) - refers to the first of the four yugas, the Golden Age (in the Kṛta (Yuga))

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed; a die with 4 points (indicating the best throw); the Kṛta Yuga

Past Passive Participle

from root kṛ + kta suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

त्रेतायुगे (tretāyuge) - Refers to the second of the four yugas. (in the Tretā Yuga)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tretāyuga

tretāyuga - Tretā age, Tretā Yuga

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tretā+yuga)

• tretā – a group of three, the second age
  proper noun (feminine)
• yuga – age, era, yoke
  noun (masculine/neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, here paired with 'ca' means 'and indeed'.

द्वापरे (dvāpare) - Refers to the third of the four yugas. (in the Dvāpara (Yuga))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dvāpara

dvāpara - the third age, Dvāpara Yuga; a die with 2 points

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a conjunction.

कलौ (kalau) - Refers to the fourth and present of the four yugas. (in the Kali (Yuga))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kali

kali - the fourth age, Kali Yuga; a die with 1 point (the worst throw)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, also, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Kali Yuga to the previous list, indicating it's also included.